“…Work on the managerial conversion of public actors, like the political and media viewpoints on the ‘necessary reform of the state’ or the lobbying work done by think tanks and consulting firms specializing in management (Nathan, 1993; Saint-Martin, 2004), are therefore not actually based on any empirical knowledge and do not actually build on it. They contribute above all, in their own way, to the dissemination of the myth of ‘ the ’ managerialization, assumed to be exogenous and homogeneous, by acting as if ‘managerial principles could claim a form of universality that would justify their application to other welfare situations, regardless of their national, institutional and professional contexts’ (Robert, 2007: 8). However, in actual fact, what we are seeing is ‘ a series of ’ heterogeneous managerializations, opportunistic managerial postures produced endogenously by actors whose rationales are rooted in specific configurations .…”