Les rapports Eglise-Etat dans les pays européens de tradition protestante et de tradition catholique: essai d'analyse

Abstract

The object of this article is to compare the Church-State relationship in several European countries which traditionally profess a single faith, either Catholic or Protestant. Its aim is to inform. It also seeks to understand the process which made the relationships between Church and State what they are nowadays. Those relationships in the shape we know them now were first established at the end of the 18th century, the period around which western societies were completing the process of emancipation from religion. Two different ideal-typical logics led to this achievement: a logic of laïcizing in countries of Catholic tradition, a logic of secularizing in countries of Protestant tradition. France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, England and Denmark are the countries studied.

The policy impact of church–state relations: family policy and abortion in Britain, France, and Germany

“…12 Moreover, by excluding Catholic countries from their analysis, the authors miss the opportunity to discuss the different dynamics of secularisation and laicisation as they have occurred in Protestant and in Catholic countries, and accompanying conflicts over issues such as religious freedom. 13 For the present purposes, more empirically oriented efforts at operationalising the state-church relationship for comparative analysis need to be considered. However, the social and political sciences do not offer much in this respect.…”

Resisting or Adapting? How Private Catholic High Schools in Quebec Respond to State Secularism and Religious Diversification

“…The first one, seen more in Protestant countries with other minority religions like Catholicism, is more flexible and shows less direct oppositions between the state and religions. The second one reveals a rivalry between the dominant Catholic Church and the State, between a religious and a secular ethos (Martin 1978(Martin 2000Champion 1993;Lefebvre 2008;Meunier and Wilkins-Laflamme 2011). This could also partly be a source of differentiation between high school A and high school B.…”

La laïcité : une façon de vivre ensemble

“…La sécularisation se caractérise plutôt par la transformation conjointe et progressive de la religion et des différentes sphères de l'activité sociale (CHAMPION 1993), un processus de perte de pertinence sociale du religieux s'effectuant au niveau des tendances lourdes de la vie sociale (BEAUBÉROT 1994c), comme la loi, le savoir, la morale. La perte de références religieuses n'est pas le produit de la laïcité, mais un fait de toutes les sociétés sécularisées.…”