Lens Antenna With Planar Focal Surface for Wide-Angle Beam-Steering Application

Marin, Julio Gonzalez; Hesselbarth, Jan

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2894336

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recently, profile reduction and miniaturization of the Luneburg lens have been widely investigated, the typical cases of which are truncated lens [8]; [9]; [10]; [11], hemispherical lens [12]; [13], ellipsoidal lens [14,15], discus lens [16,17]; [18], diffuse lens [19] and flat lens [20]; [21]; [22,23]; [24]; [25]; [26]. The key of all the aforementioned miniaturization is to assign new formulas to a particular coordinate or a group of boundary conditions of the sphere in one specific plane, and then apply it to lower the profile and propose a transformed lens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14] proposed an lens array composed of two ellipsoidal Luneburg lenses, simultaneously enhancing its aperture efficiency and reducing the amount of feeds by introducing the local-beam shifting method. Alternatively, [26] increased its scanning angle via a transmission line made of two metallic surfaces, which can be regarded as a parallel-plate waveguide. In addition, the fabrication process of transformed Luneburg lens is fairly complicated due to the employment of [25] or metamaterials [8]; [9]; [13]; [15]; [22,23]; [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A bi-dimensional compressed Luneburg lens antenna for miniaturization based on transformation optics

Zang

Zhu²,

Xie³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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Transformed Luneburg lens has been widely employed to provide aberration-free imaging and high-gain antenna system, but whose focal plane and beam scanning range decrease correspondingly. In this paper, a two-dimensional compressed elliptical cylindrical Luneburg lens is presented based on transformation optics (TO) to achieve miniaturization and wide-angle beam steering. The Jacobian matrix and the permittivity tensor are calculated after supposing formulas to compress the focal plane, while maintaining the lens’ inherent performance. The gradient permittivity is achieved by two ring-type periodic unit cells on the basis of the Equivalent Medium Theory. The lens is then attached between a pair of parallel metal plates to further improve its gain and lower the side lobe level (SLL). To demonstrate this assumption, a prototype of this Luneburg lens is manufactured by isotropic material and 3D printing technique. The antenna operates at 3.3–5 GHz with a peak gain of 16.1/15.9 dBi. A 2D beam scanning range of ±50° and ± 20° can be implemented by merely five feeds, the side lobe level keeping less than -16.3/-16 dB. Measured results coincide well with theoretical predictions, offering a beneficial transformation mapping to both microwaves and optics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bi-dimensional compressed Luneburg lens antenna for miniaturization based on transformation optics

Zang

Zhu²,

Xie³

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This has motivated developing techniques to design less expensive phased‐array antennas. Beam steering arrays exploiting Rotman [3] or Luneburg lenses [4], which do not need T/R modules, are attractive for radar and communication systems. However, the design of the beam switching network gets complicated as the total number of beams increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X‐band, mechanically‐beam‐steerable lens antenna exploiting the Risley prism concept

Zhang

Luyen

Booske

et al. 2020

IET microw. antennas propagation

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“…For the planar Luneburg lens antennas, a common solution is to realize the equivalent relative permittivity using metamaterials . For the cylindrical Luneburg lens antennas, hole drilling technology is commonly used for design …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐printed cylindrical Luneburg lens antenna for millimeter‐wave applications

Liu

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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A 3D-printed cylindrical Luneburg lens antenna working at 26 GHz is proposed in this article. The antenna consists of a feeding waveguide, a 3D-printed cylinder, and a pair of printed metal grids which are stuck on the side faces of the cylinder. 3D-printed structure ensures the convenience for processing and structural integrity of the Luneburg lens. Hole drilling technology is utilized for the design of the cylindrical lens. In the E-plane, conversion of spherical waves into planar waves is achieved based on the gradient refractive index which is realized by the gradient equivalent relative dielectric constant. The main part of the lens contains a hole drilling region to realize the desired equivalent permittivity from 1.23 to 2, while another gradual-thickness region realize the permittivity ranges from 1.23 to 1. Hprobe method is utilized for the optimization of the gradual-thickness region in this article. And for the H-plane, with the grids, H-field distribution is optimized compared with the Luneburg lens antenna without the loading grids. Thus, the side lobe level (SLL) in H-plane could be reduced. Meanwhile, a narrower half power beamwidth (HPBW) in H-plane will be obtained due to the metal grids. Experiment results illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed 3D-printed cylindrical Luneburg lens antenna. K E Y W O R D S 3D-printed, cylindrical, half power beamwidth (HPBW), hole drilling, H-probes, Luneburg lens, side lobe level (SLL)

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Lens Antenna With Planar Focal Surface for Wide-Angle Beam-Steering Application

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

A bi-dimensional compressed Luneburg lens antenna for miniaturization based on transformation optics

A bi-dimensional compressed Luneburg lens antenna for miniaturization based on transformation optics

X‐band, mechanically‐beam‐steerable lens antenna exploiting the Risley prism concept

3D‐printed cylindrical Luneburg lens antenna for millimeter‐wave applications

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