Leishmaniose visceral canina no Rio de Janeiro - Brasil

Marzochi, Mauro Célio de Almeida; Coutinho, S.; Sabroza, Paulo Chagastelles; Souza, M. A.; Souza, Pelágio Parigot de de Medeiros; Toledo, Luciano Medeiros de; Filho, Francisco Bonásser

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1985000400004

Cited by 33 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Beginning in 1977, after a human case of VL was found on the slopes of Serra de Bangu, with proof that the case was autochthonous and that 97.9% of the phlebotomine sandflies captured above 100 meters altitude were Lutzomyia longipalpis, several canine surveys were conducted. There was initial difficulty in detecting seropositive dogs 23 . In 1980, the Brazilian Ministry of Health conducted a canine survey in areas with new human cases (Realengo, Bangu and Serra do Lameirão -Senador Camará).…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

Marzochi

Fagundes

Andrade³

et al. 2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence.

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Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

Marzochi

Fagundes

Andrade³

et al. 2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…This importance comes from some facts: visceral leishmaniasis is more prevalent in the canine population than in the human population, human cases are normally preceded by canine cases, and dogs present a greater amount of parasites in the skin than humans, which favors the infestation of vectors 3,4,7 . Dog infection usually causes a chronic systemic disease, which is characterized by long periods of irregular fever, anemia, progressive weight loss, and cachexia in the terminal stage of the disease 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 . Infected animals can also present onychogryphosis, dermatological, ophtalmic, renal, and/or hepatic alterations, pneumonia, myocarditis, movement disorders, and hemorrhagic diathesis 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dog infection usually causes a chronic systemic disease, which is characterized by long periods of irregular fever, anemia, progressive weight loss, and cachexia in the terminal stage of the disease 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 . Infected animals can also present onychogryphosis, dermatological, ophtalmic, renal, and/or hepatic alterations, pneumonia, myocarditis, movement disorders, and hemorrhagic diathesis 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 . In the infection by Leishmania, the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system infected by parasites act as antigen-presenting cells, which activate T-helper lymphocytes (CD4+) type 1 (TH1), or type 2 (TH2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo histológico e imunoistoquímico do sistema nervoso central de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

Ikeda

Laurenti

Corbett

et al. 2007

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The present study aimed to characterize the histopathological alterations and to detect, by immunohistochemistry, the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania in CNS tissue of dogs with and without neurological clinical signs of the disease. Two groups of animals were used: the first was composed of 18 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis without clinical evidence of neurological involvement, and the second, composed of 21 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and neurological symptoms. The most frequent histopathological alterations found in the CNS of dogs of both groups were neuronal degeneration with neuronophagia, gliosis, leptomeningitis, vascular congestion, presence of perivascular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and areas of focal microhemorrhage. Antigen labeling for whole forms of Leishmania amastigotes was not observed in any fragment of the CNS of the dogs of either groups; however, most of them presented labeling of blood vessels walls, which suggests the presence of circulating parasite antigens.

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“…The CVL is considered more important than the human disease, because the dogs infected has high parasitic load on the skin, making them the main source of infection for the vectors [13]. However, despite the control measures adopted by the Ministry of Health, which has as its central action to eliminate serologically positive dogs for VL, they are not effective in solving the endemic in the country [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dog as a Risk Factor in Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review

Costa¹

2012

AID

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Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Despite the euthanasia of dogs serologically positive, such action has not solved the endemic in Brazil. A risk area for VL involves the presence of the vector, the occurrence of canines and the record of human cases. The factors that have favored the persistence and spread of VL in Brazil are related to the predatory action of man on the environment, to the migratory movements and rural exodus, and a close coexistence of man and animals. Thus considering the epidemiological chain of VL, one fact seems clear: we do not know yet the true extent of the participation of the dog in the infectious cycle of VL. The clinical disease is an important indicator of the extent of the problem in an endemic area. The immunological events are complex and involve resistance and susceptibility to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). One aspect in CVL is that many symptomatic dogs underwent xenodiagnosis not infect the vector. In such cases the pattern recognition receptors CD11b+, TLR2+, and NO present higher values for dogs with results in immunohistochemistry of skin and xenodiagnosis negative (IMH − /XENO − ) than dogs with immunohistochemistry in skin and xenodiagnosis positive (IMH + /XENO + ), suggesting that innate immunity modulates the competence of the dog to infect the vector. The organic response in CVL varies from individual to individual and within the same individual, with a strong evidence of being organ-specific. Only 20% of asymptomatic dogs have parasites in the skin and 15% are able to recover from clinical signs and eliminate the parasites spontaneously. In this review, we analyze the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis and clinical, immunological and pathological conditions that can contribute to understanding the role of dogs in transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.

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Leishmaniose visceral canina no Rio de Janeiro - Brasil

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control

Estudo histológico e imunoistoquímico do sistema nervoso central de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi

The Dog as a Risk Factor in Transmission of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Review

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