Left ventricular mass in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive children and adolescents

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in children and adolescents classified as normotensives, prehypertensives and hypertensives by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) levels. A total of 124 consecutive children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years were analysed. Patients underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and echocardiography. Hypertensive and prehypertensive subjects had significantly higher LVMI than normotensives (36.8 +/- 8.4 g/m(2.7) and 34.1 +/- 3.4 g/m(2.7) vs. 29.5 +/- 8.3 g/m(2.7), P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis predictors for LVMI were body mass index (BMI) z score and hypertension (R-squared = 0.31). LVMI values in hypertensive subjects were significantly higher than those of normotensives even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI z score. The prevalence of LVH was significantly higher in the prehypertensive compared to normotensive subjects, and was equal to that of the hypertensive subjects. Hypertension and prehypertension in children and adolescents were associated with pathologically elevated LVMI values. If confirmed in a larger group prehypertensive children may be at risk for target organ damage similar to the condition of established hypertension.

Relationship of Systolic Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index With Left Ventricular Mass and Mass Index in Adolescents

“…The odds of having an elevated LVMI increases by 54% for each incremental increase of 1 in the 24-h systolic BP standard deviation score. Stabouli et al 10 reported similar findings in a group of 5 to 18 years old referred for evaluation of suspected HT of which 89 patients were ultimately normotensive, 10 patients were pre-HT, and 25 patients were HT based on daytime ambulatory BP (ABP) readings. LVMI increased sequentially across BP groups and the prevalence of LVH was higher among children and adolescents with pre-HT and HT (20% each) than children with normal BP (6.7%).…”

“…If confirmed in a larger group prehypertensive children may be at risk for target organ damage similar to the condition of established HT. 10 Therefore, it is not surprising that youth diagnosed with pre-HT may also exhibit LVH, 48 with odds for having elevated LVMI increasing by 54% for each incremental increase in the standard deviation score for 24-h ambulatory systolic BP. 17 The LVMI was measured by the LVM to BSA ratio as described previously.…”

BMI, spKt/V, and SBP but Not DBP Are Related to LVH in Chinese Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

“…12,13 In HD population, some studies showed that BMI was positively correlated with LVH 14 as in general population, whereas other studies gave different results. 15 In our study, the patients with LVH had higher BMI than those without LVH.…”

Comparative study of Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI) between Prehypertensives and Normotensives.

“…Hypertension and prehypertension in children and adolescents were associated with pathologically elevated LVMI values. 12 Concentric hypertrophy and global diastolic dysfunction had also been reported in prehypertensives 13 .…”