Left atrial systolic force: comparison between two methods for the noninvasive assessment of left atrial systolic function

Abstract

The Manning's method is closely related to the continuity equation method, though LASF results are constantly higher. Conversion is possible by application of a simple formula.

Left Atrial Systolic Force in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis

“…Among the two variables used for calculating atrial force by Manning's method, mitral peak A velocity was stronger associated with LASF than mitral valve area (r coefficient 0.87 vs 0.30, respectively). This finding indirectly confirms the dynamics of LASF and its dependence on LV preload, and is in line with previous publications 7,23,24 . Whereas mitral valve area is mainly associated with LA volume, reflecting mean LV filling pressure over time, 25 mitral peak A velocity is mostly associated with actual LV filling pressure 25–27 …”

Proper Use of Left Atrial Ejection Force as a Measure of Left Atrial Mechanical Function

“…This confirms findings in many of our previous publications, demonstrating that increased left atrial systolic force was associated with a high‐risk cardiovascular phenotype, and particularly associated with higher patient age, higher body mass index and systolic blood pressure, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy and lower diastolic blood pressure 4–7 . Of note, similar findings were reported when mitral valve orifice area was calculated by the continuity equation, 8,9 and the relation between these 2 methods for assessing left atrial systolic force has been published 10 . Thus, in spite of a presumed increased accuracy of a three‐dimensional method, the additional clinical benefit remains to be determined.…”

“…[4][5][6][7] Of note, similar findings were reported when mitral valve orifice area was calculated by the continuity equation, 8,9 and the relation between these 2 methods for assessing left atrial systolic force has been published. 10 Thus, in spite of a presumed increased accuracy of a dimensional method, the additional clinical benefit remains to be determined.…”

Analysis of Left Atrial Performance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Overt Cardiac Disease and Inducible Ischemia: High Prevalence of Increased Systolic Force Related to Enhanced Left Ventricular Systolic Longitudinal Function

“…where 1.06 is the blood density, mitral orifice area is calculated assuming a circular orifice from the mitral annular diameter measured from the apical four‐chamber view and A is the atrial wave of transmitral flow. Data on validity, feasibility, and reproducibility of LASF have been previously reported by our group in several articles …”

“…Data on validity, feasibility, and reproducibility of LASF have been previously reported by our group in several articles. 4,5,18,19 Transmitral and pulmonary vein pulsed-wave Doppler curves and early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity of mitral annulus (E 0 ) were assessed according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. 20 Early diastolic velocity of transmitral flow (E) was divided by E 0 and used to classify LV diastolic function together with other parameters (E/A ratio of transmitral flow, deceleration time of E, and the difference of atrial wave duration on pulmonary vein flow minus atrial wave duration on transmitral flow in 4°as proposed by Redfield et al 21 ): normal diastolic function, mild, moderate, and severe diastolic dysfunction.…”