Lead Zirconate Titanate Particle Dispersion in Thick‐Film Ink Formulations

Abstract

Diverse device applications for lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics in thick-film form are currently in active development. In the present study, the particle dispersion properties of thick-film ink formulations containing PZT powder have been determined using rheological measurements. Although all of the eight commercially available dispersants tested are more effective than the terpineol solvent alone in decreasing attractive interparticle forces in suspensions, the best dispersant identified for hard and soft PZT powders is a phosphate ester oligomer. This dispersant is extremely efficient, and its use in thick-film ink formulations results in viscosity decreases of 50% at low shear rates (10 s ؊1 ) and 30% at high shear rates (100 s ؊1 ) compared with current ink formulations containing no dispersant. The effects upon rheology of the order of addition of components in the processing of inks have been studied, with the most effective processing route using a fugitive solvent that probably facilitates uniform coverage of the particle surfaces by the dispersant molecules. Modeling of the rheological profiles of inks indicates that the use of a dispersant decreases the depth of the primary minimum in the interparticle potential by a factor of 3. Demonstrated advantages of the use of a dispersant in PZT thick-film inks include improved microstructural homogeneity in the green body and the ability to formulate printable inks with higher solids loadings. No adverse effects of the dispersant upon the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of bulk PZT samples are found following burnout and sintering.

Yield stress modelling of doped alumina suspensions for applications in freeze granulation: towards dry pressed transparent ceramics

“…Although efforts have been made to link the interparticle forces with slurry formulation, it is often only treated qualitatively via zeta potential or viscosity measurements. 11 Although there are many limitations with computing interparticle forces and potentials (i.e. particle shape), knowledge based progress in ceramic processing cannot proceed without understanding the key factors determining the rheological properties.…”

Dip-coating of 8YSZ nanopowder for SOFC applications

“…Since the organic additives decompose at much lower temperatures than that at which the 8YSZ particles sinter and in decomposing they produce big volumes of gas this has to be taken into consideration when designing the sintering program. Thiele and Setter found that PE compounds volatilize well below 900 8C [37]. A detailed description of the thermal decomposition processes for PVB can be found in the work of Masia et al [38].…”

Thick-film piezoceramics and devices

“…Dispersants act to create repulsive forces between the particles, thus reducing clumping and increasing the homogeneity of the film. Thiele and Setter [7] have studied various dispersants and their effects on the rheology of thick-film pastes. Their experiments looked at eight commercially available dispersants with a Sensor Technology BM500 PZT powder.…”