Lead Poisoning

Cantarow, A.

doi:10.1097/00000441-194504000-00032

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This severe condition is often preceded by prodromal symptoms which include general sluggishness and dullness of mentality, restlessness, irritability, loss of ability to concentrate, and loss of memory, but the changes may be so slight as to be overlooked completely (3,7). Chronic encephalopathy is characterized by similar symptoms, such as lethargy and defective memory (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Childhood lead poisoning has caused intellectual impairment or minimal brain dysfunction which persisted even though the PbB returned to normal (6,21,24). Over a long period of time, lead encephalopathy in both children and adults is partly reversible (3,7). Thus the parameters of exposure measured in connection with the psychological tests may not be similar to the one which caused the impairment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These symptoms are similar to those of the prodromal phase of lead encephalopathy (3,7). Biochemical changes occur at much lower lead exposures than those causing neurological disease, but they are perhaps correlates of insidious behavioral changes (20).…”

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confidence: 86%

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Psychological dysfunctions in lead-exposed workers. Relation to biological parameters of exposure.

Grandjean¹,

Arnvig²,

Beckmann³

1978

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Psychological dysfunctions in lead-exposed workers: Relation to biological parameters of exposure. Scand. j. work environ. & health 4 (1978) 295-303. Insidious neurotoxic effects of lead have been studied in a popoulation of 42 lead-exposed workers and a reference group of 22 comparable workers with no lead exposure. The age of the individuals ranged from 18 to 50 years. The complete Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale, as well as psychomotor and memory tests, was included in the test battery. The exposure was assessed by means of the lead concentration in blood and hair and the ratio between zinc protoporphyrin and hemoglobin in the blood. Significant differences were found between the two groups of workers, especially concerning long-term memory, verbal and visuos:gatia1 abstraction, and psychomotor speed. Decreased performance in these tests was in most cases associated with indices of increased lead exposure, not only in the total population studied, but also within the lead-exposed group alone. Blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin appeared to correlate better with the intellectual impairment than did hair lead, and thus these analyses are probably better predictors for neurotoxic effects of lead. Age and exposure time were not found to be significant confounding factors in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological dysfunctions in lead-exposed workers. Relation to biological parameters of exposure.

Grandjean¹,

Arnvig²,

Beckmann³

1978

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Interpretation of how BAL acts in vivo depends on the view taken of the mechanism of the lead anaemia (Cantarow and Trumper, 1944;Flury, 1934). In the present experiments the initial =ft-I -anaemia was clearly haemolytic, because of the rapidity of the fall and the appearance of haemoglobin in the urine.…”

Section: Effect Of Dithiols In Lead Acetate Poisoned Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bal and Bal Glucoside in Acute Lead Acetate Poisoning

Weatherall

1948

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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2: 3-Dimercaptopropanol (BAL) was described by Peters, Stocken, and Thompson (1945) as an antidote to lewisite and other forms of arsenical poisoning. It has also been found to protect animals poisoned by several other heavy metals, but so far as is known the only data on its effect in lead poisoning are those of Braun, Lusky, and Calvery (1946), who found that after single or repeated intraperitoneal injections of lead nitrate into rabbits courses of BAL increased the mortality above that of control groups of animals. The experiments reported in the present paper are part of a study of the action of BAL and other dithiols in lead poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsThe BAL used in this investigation was a waterpurified sample kindly presented by Prof. R. A. Peters. It was stored in a refrigerator and solutions were prepared freshly as required. Solutions of BAL glucoside (Danielli, Danielli, Mitchell, Owen, and Shaw, 1946) were prepared from its barium salt by liberating the free dithiol with sulphuric acid, precipitating any residual barium with sodium sulphate and removing the precipitate by centrifuging. The strength of the solutions was estimated by iodine titration before use; thjL gave somewhat variable results, but was more satisfactory than computing the strength from the amount of barium salt used, as the latter varied considerably in its thiol content. The doses quoted must be regarded as only approximate. Red cell fragility experimentsFreshly prepared, heparinized, and washed rabbit red blood cells were allowed to react with lead acetate or BAL or plasma or mixtures of these, usually for one hour at room temperature. Their fragility was then determined by adding aliquots to a series of sodium chloride solutions ranging from 0.28 to 0.64 per cent (w/v) at intervals of 0.04 per cent, centrifuging and estimating the haemoglobin concentration in the supernatant fluid by visual comparison with standards at 20 per cent intervals prepared from a water-laked suspension of the same red cells. The percentage lysis plotted against the salt concentration gave a sigmoid curve from which the 50 per cent lytic concentration (LyC50) was obtained graphically. The probit of the percentage lysis plotted against the logarithm of the salt concentration allowed a straight line to be fitted fairly closely; such lines did not give a substantially different estimate of the LyC50 and were used only when a quantitative estimate of the slope was required. For measurements in vivo the same procedure was followed, except that aliquots of the washed cell suspensions were added immediately and without other manipulation to the series of sodium chloride dilutions. Blood estimationsReticulocyte and red cell counts were performed by the usual techniques. Haematocrits were determined in capillary tubes of 0.1 ml. capacity. Haemoglobin was estimated in early experiments as carboxyhaemoglobin by means of a dilution comparator and later as cyanmethaemoglobin (King, Gilchrist, and Delory, 1944) by means of a Hilger Spekker absorptiom...

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“…11 en est typiquement ainsi dans le eas du mereure. Cependant, dans le eas du plomb, la determination des eoneentrations urinaires est tri~s en faveur 35 Soulignons iei que tout dosage effeetue sur l'urine ne presente de signifieation reelle que s'il a ete exeeute sur un eehantillon moyen des urines de 24 h, reeueillies dans un reeipient propre, eonservees en lieu frais et eventuellerneut additionnees (sauf eontre indieation partieuliere) de I ml de toluene par litre. L'ernploi eomrne arttiseptique de eyanure de mereure ou de sei de sodium de l'aeide ethylmereurithiosalieylique (merthiolate de sodium) est evidemment absolument eontre indique pour les prelevements d'urine en vue du dosage du rnereure.…”

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Les limites tolérables dans les milieux biologiques: aspects analytiques, biochimiques et pharmacologiques

Truhaut¹

1961

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Lead Poisoning

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Psychological dysfunctions in lead-exposed workers. Relation to biological parameters of exposure.

Psychological dysfunctions in lead-exposed workers. Relation to biological parameters of exposure.

Effects of Bal and Bal Glucoside in Acute Lead Acetate Poisoning

Les limites tolérables dans les milieux biologiques: aspects analytiques, biochimiques et pharmacologiques

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