Le travail de la commission Stasi. Entretien avec Rémi Schwartz

Covalent UV/vis-quantifiable bis-aryl hydrazone bond formation was investigated for the preparation of conjugates between α-poly-d-lysine (PDL) and either α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP). PDL and the enzymes were first modified via free amino groups with the linking reagents succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate acetone hydrazone (S-HyNic, at pH 7.6) and succinimidyl 4-formylbenzoate (S-4FB, at pH 7.2), respectively. The modified PDL and enzymes were then conjugated at pH 4.7, whereby polymer chains carrying several enzymes were obtained. Kinetics of the bis-aryl hydrazone bond formation was investigated spectrophotometrically at 354 nm. Retention of the enzymatic activity after conjugate formation was confirmed by using the substrates N-succinimidyl-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Pro-l-Phe-p-nitroanilide (for α-CT) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, for HRP). Thus, not only a mild and efficient preparation and convenient quantification of a conjugate between the polycationic α-polylysine and enzymes could be shown, but also the complete preservation of the enzymatic activity.

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Preparation of Catalytically Active, Covalent α-Polylysine−Enzyme Conjugates via UV/Vis-Quantifiable Bis-aryl Hydrazone Bond Formation

Grotzky

Manaka

Kojima

et al. 2010

Biomacromolecules

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The Hijab controversy and French republicanism: Critical analysis and normative propositions

Heine

2009

Fr Polit

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This paper addresses the political debates surrounding the adoption of the 2004 French law on religious signs using key concepts from political theory. The analysis of the arguments used to justify this law shows that the issue of the Islamic headscarf has recently been tackled by political elites through a symbolic framework influenced mainly by a communitarian version of republicanism. The paper then critically discusses three contemporary alternative ways of dealing with the issue of cultural diversity through Taylor's, Kymlicka's and Laborde's theories, respectively, and finally advocates a radical liberal approach more compatible with a respect for pluralism and a strict definition of individual rights.

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Le travail de la commission Stasi. Entretien avec Rémi Schwartz

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Preparation of Catalytically Active, Covalent α-Polylysine−Enzyme Conjugates via UV/Vis-Quantifiable Bis-aryl Hydrazone Bond Formation

Preparation of Catalytically Active, Covalent α-Polylysine−Enzyme Conjugates via UV/Vis-Quantifiable Bis-aryl Hydrazone Bond Formation

The Hijab controversy and French republicanism: Critical analysis and normative propositions

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