Le syndrome de la guerre du Golfe vingt ans après

Auxéméry, Yann

doi:10.1016/j.encep.2012.11.003

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Many of our participants could have had posttraumatic stress disorder, which is known to affect short-term memory. 59 We restricted the definition of mental disabilities in our survey to those who had been previously diagnosed by a professional or treated with psychoactive drugs. This could have potentially underestimated their true prevalence.…”

Section: Bmj Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict-related excess mortality and disability in Northwest Syria

Alhiraki

Fahham

Dubies³

et al. 2022

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionThe Syrian conflict that started in 2011 has been ongoing for over a decade without an end in sight. Estimates regarding excess mortality and conflict-related disability vary widely, and little field research has been done to address this topic.MethodsA population-based field survey was conducted from 10 to 18 November 2020 in Northwest Syria. Forty-nine clusters were selected using staged sampling based on predefined population distribution maps. Data were collected for the period from 2000 to 2020 and were divided into pre-conflict (2000–2010) and conflict (2011–2020) periods. Mortality rates were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 1483 households were surveyed, for a population of 12 268 people. The crude mortality rate increased 3.55 times between the two periods (p>0.001). In total, 54.3% of war-related deaths were caused by aerial attacks. Despite the continued increase in mortality rates during the conflict period, most deaths from 2017 onwards were related to non-violent causes. Overall, directly and indirectly, the conflict seems to have caused approximately 874 000 excess deaths. A total of 14.9% of households reported having at least one substantial violence-related disability since 2011.ConclusionThe conflict caused the tripling of mortality rates in Syria. The estimated excess mortality in our study is higher than previous estimates. From 2017 onwards, most conflict-related deaths were due to non-violent causes. There is a high prevalence of violence-related disabilities in the studied communities. Our data could prove useful for health policymakers.

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Section: Bmj Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflict-related excess mortality and disability in Northwest Syria

Alhiraki

Fahham

Dubies³

et al. 2022

BMJ Glob Health

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“…Ils ont connu des problèmes de ravitaillement, voire un manque de munitions (masques, places en réanimation, etc.). Toute guerre crée des blessures et des rancoeurs [18]. Naîtront probablement des demandes d'explications sur les approvisionnements.…”

Section: T1 Union Ou Division ?unclassified

L’après-Covid-19 et la santé mentale des soignants

Richard¹,

Brient²,

Lucas³

et al. 2020

Soins Cadres

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“…Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-symptomatic disease condition that is known to affect nearly one-third of the veterans who were deployed in the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991 [1,2]. The symptoms include chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, cognitive deficiencies, respiratory and gastrointestinal disturbances [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR Antagonism by Sparstolonin B Alters Microbial Signature and Modulates Gastrointestinal and Neuronal Inflammation in Gulf War Illness Preclinical Model

et al. 2020

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The 1991 Persian Gulf War veterans presented a myriad of symptoms that ranged from chronic pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbances, and cognitive deficits. Currently, no therapeutic regimen exists to treat the plethora of chronic symptoms though newer pharmacological targets such as microbiome have been identified recently. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonism in systemic inflammatory diseases have been tried before with limited success, but strategies with broad-spectrum TLR4 antagonists and their ability to modulate the host-microbiome have been elusive. Using a mouse model of Gulf War Illness, we show that a nutraceutical, derived from a Chinese herb Sparstolonin B (SsnB) presented a unique microbiome signature with an increased abundance of butyrogenic bacteria. SsnB administration restored a normal tight junction protein profile with an increase in Occludin and a parallel decrease in Claudin 2 and inflammatory mediators high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the distal intestine. SsnB also decreased neuronal inflammation by decreasing IL-1β and HMGB1, while increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with a parallel decrease in astrocyte activation in vitro. Mechanistically, SsnB inhibited the binding of HMGB1 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) to TLR4 in the intestine, thus attenuating TLR4 downstream signaling. Studies also showed that SsnB was effective in suppressing TLR4-induced nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, a prominent inflammatory disease pathway. SsnB significantly decreased astrocyte activation by decreasing colocalization of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), a crucial event in neuronal inflammation. Inactivation of SsnB by treating the parent molecule by acetate reversed the deactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome and astrocytes in vitro, suggesting that SsnB molecular motifs may be responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity.

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Le syndrome de la guerre du Golfe vingt ans après

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Conflict-related excess mortality and disability in Northwest Syria

Conflict-related excess mortality and disability in Northwest Syria

L’après-Covid-19 et la santé mentale des soignants

TLR Antagonism by Sparstolonin B Alters Microbial Signature and Modulates Gastrointestinal and Neuronal Inflammation in Gulf War Illness Preclinical Model

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