Le maraîchage périurbain à Libreville et Owendo (Gabon) : pratiques culturales et durabilité

Abstract

Résumé -Au Gabon, le rôle du maraîchage périurbain est essentiel à l'approvisionnement des villes en légumes frais, notamment à Libreville et Owendo. Lors d'une enquête menée dans trois périmètres maraîchers, un état des lieux a été réalisé sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques, la diversité des plantes cultivées et les pesticides utilisés. Les superficies exploitées vont de 0,08 ha à 0,4 ha par maraîcher selon les sites. Les exploitants interrogés sont à 51 % originaires du Gabon alors que 40 % sont originaires du Burkina Faso. Les espèces les plus cultivées tout au long de l'année sont l'amarante (Amaranthus hybridus L.), la laitue (Lactuca sativa L.), l'oseille de guinée (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), la morelle noire (Solanum nigrum L.). Les ravageurs les plus importants sont les Aphididae et quelques coléoptères. Les produits phytopharmaceutiques les plus utilisés sont des insecticides neurotoxiques conventionnels. Une meilleure maîtrise du suivi des cultures, une vulgarisation en protection des cultures y compris sur l'emploi des pesticides ainsi que la possibilité de développer des systèmes de micro-crédits aux petits producteurs permettraient d'augmenter la production légumière périurbaine et sa qualité sanitaire, ainsi que d'accroître l'autonomie alimentaire locale.Mot clés : légumes / maraîchage / Afrique centrale / ravageur / pesticide Abstract -Peri-urban market gardening in Libreville and Owendo (Gabon): farmers' practices and sustainability. In Gabon, peri-urban gardening is an opportunity to provide vegetables to the main cities, such as Libreville and Owendo. Following a survey conducted in three market gardening areas, an inventory was conducted on the socio-economic characteristics, the diversity of crops, and pesticide uses. The cropped areas range from 0.08 ha to 0.4 ha per farmer, according to the site. National operators represent 51%, while people from Burkina Faso manage 40% of vegetable production. The most cultivated species throughout the year are amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Guinea sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.). The most important pests are Aphididae and some beetles. The most commonly used plant protection products are insecticides, mainly conventional neurotoxic. Best crop monitoring, pest control including pesticide application reduction, and the possibility to offer microcredit systems to small producers would help increasing peri-urban healthy vegetable production and increase local food autonomy.

Analysis of the Use of Phytosanitery Producsts in Vegetable Crops in the District of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivore

“…Thus, farmers focus on the production of those that have a short rotation period (example, lettuce), they flow quite easily and are much appreciated by the population (Wognin et al 2013). This abundance of leafy vegetables is also found by Kanda et al (2009) in Togo, with 53% of crops and by Loudit et al (2017) in Gabon, with 62% of cultivated species. The fact that market gardening is dominated by the cultivation of lettuce could be partly explained by the fact that the climate of Abidjan is favorable to the cultivation requirements of this leafy vegetable (Kouakou, 2009).…”

Assessment of the impact of pesticide use in urban and periurban agriculture in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

“…That was also demonstrated in other studies conducted by (Matthys et al, 2006;Kanda et al, 2009;Ducroquet et al, 2017). In our study, the proportion of young farmers (79.01%) was higher than that found by Bayendi et al (2017) and Le Bellec et al (2017) in Gabon and Mauritanie, who reported an aging of vegetable growers of 63% and 60% respectively. The financial profitability of market gardening would also explain young people's interest in this sector of activity.…”

Assessment of the Risk of Microbial Contamination of an Urban Crop in the City of Daloa (Côte d'Ivoire): Case of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

“…In Côte d'Ivoire, like other African countries, this new agriculture, dominated by market gardening, is booming (Dongmo et al, 2005;Soro et al 2008;Ba & Aubry, 2011). This urban and periurban agriculture is a revenue and employment generating activity practiced by urban vulnerable groups; thus contributing to the food security of the populations (Gomiero et al, 2011;Koffi et al, 2012;Loudit et al, 2017;Ba & Cantoreggi, 2018). Daloa, the third most populous city in Côte d'Ivoire after Abidjan and Bouake, covering an area of 5.305 km 2 and an estimated population of more than 288 000 in habitants, with its many administrative changes (commune, sub-prefecture, department and region, university town), is also confronted with this new form of agriculture (RGPH, 2014;Zah, 2015).…”