LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Suzuki, Toshiyuki; Quilliam, Michael A.

doi:10.2116/analsci.27.571

Cited by 85 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…OA and YTX were initially identified by comparing chromatographic properties and spectral data with those of reference standard toxins. The MS/MS spectra of R. venosa and N. cumingii samples were essentially identical to those of the OA and YTX reference standards, respectively (31). The highest lipophilic toxin concentrations found in 240 gastropod specimens (21.5 ng of OA per g, 8.4 ng of DTX1 per g, and 13.7 ng of YTX per g) ( Table 1) in this study are much lower than the European standard (4).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Few studies have investigated the accumulation of lipophilic toxins in gastropods, possibly because of the limited sensitivity and specificity of the mouse bioassay for DSP. A highly sensitive, accurate, and specific LC-MS/MS analytical LIPOPHILIC TOXINS IN KOREAN GASTROPODS 2005 method for lipophilic toxins was recently developed (31) and may substantially improve the detection of lipophilic toxin accumulation in gastropods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First Detection and Seasonal Variation of Lipophilic Toxins Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, and Yessotoxin in Korean Gastropods

Lee

Mok

Song

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), pectenotoxin-2, and yessotoxin (YTX) are classes of lipophilic toxins found in marine animals. OA and DTX1 accumulation causes diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, a worldwide public health problem. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning has not previously been reported in gastropods, which are widely consumed in Korea. Seasonal variation in marine lipophilic toxins in gastropods was investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty specimens of Neptunea cumingii, 65 specimens of Rapana venosa, and 95 specimens of Batillus cornutus were collected at the Tongyeong fish market on the southern coast of Korea between May 2009 and December 2010. OA, DTX1, and YTX were detected in meat and digestive glands in all gastropod species studied. Pectenotoxin-2 was not found in any sample tested. Lipophilic toxins were detected in the digestive glands of gastropods; no lipophilic toxin was detected in the salivary glands of the carnivorous gastropods, N. cumingii and R. venosa. The highest concentrations of OA (21.5 ng/g) and DTX1 (8.4 ng/g) were detected in the digestive glands of R. venosa, and the maximum concentration of YTX (13.7 ng/g) was found in the digestive glands of N. cumingii. The maximum toxicities in gastropod tissues were lower than the European standard for acceptable levels. The concentrations of lipophilic toxins in carnivorous gastropods showed a high degree of seasonal variation; lipophilic toxins in carnivorous gastropods were found predominantly in spring and summer. This is the first report of the occurrence of lipophilic toxins in Korean gastropods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection and Seasonal Variation of Lipophilic Toxins Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, and Yessotoxin in Korean Gastropods

Lee

Mok

Song

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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“…For instance, in their paper, Pavela-Vrancic et al, 2002 [65], reported 0.133 and 0.090 µg/g hepato-pancreas (HP) of OA and 7-epi-PTX-2SA, respectively. Therefore, the ratio OA/7-epi-PTX-2SA equals 1.5 (= 0.133/0.090).…”

Section: Exposure Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixtures of Lipophilic Phycotoxins: Exposure Data and Toxicological Assessment

et al. 2018

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Lipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by phytoplanktonic species. They accumulate in filter-feeding shellfish and can cause human intoxication. Regulatory limits have been set for individual toxins, and the toxicological features are well characterized for some of them. However, phycotoxin contamination is often a co-exposure phenomenon, and toxicological data regarding mixtures effects are very scarce. Moreover, the type and occurrence of phycotoxins can greatly vary from one region to another. This review aims at summarizing the knowledge on (i) multi-toxin occurrence by a comprehensive literature review and (ii) the toxicological assessment of mixture effects. A total of 79 publications was selected for co-exposure evaluation, and 44 of them were suitable for toxin ratio calculations. The main toxin mixtures featured okadaic acid in combination with pectenotoxin-2 or yessotoxin. Only a few toxicity studies dealing with co-exposure were published. In vivo studies did not report particular mixture effects, whereas in vitro studies showed synergistic or antagonistic effects. Based on the combinations that are the most reported, further investigations on mixture effects must be carried out.

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“…Other reported MS-based metabolomics studies on food safety and quality focus on characterizing transgenic foods [57], plants [58,59] and crops, such as wheat and cereals [60][61][62][63], fruit juice [64][65][66][67][68], beers [69][70][71], shellfish [72,73], spices [74,75], food supplements [76] and drinking water [77]. Table 1 shows several representative applications of MS-based metabolomics in food safety and assurance assessment [52,54,55,67,78,63,[79][80][81].…”

Section: Metabolomics In Characterization Of Food Safety and Quality mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis for foodomics

2013

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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LC-MS/MS Analysis of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins, Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin Analogues, and Other Lipophilic Toxins

Cited by 85 publications

References 102 publications

First Detection and Seasonal Variation of Lipophilic Toxins Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, and Yessotoxin in Korean Gastropods

First Detection and Seasonal Variation of Lipophilic Toxins Okadaic Acid, Dinophysistoxin-1, and Yessotoxin in Korean Gastropods

Mixtures of Lipophilic Phycotoxins: Exposure Data and Toxicological Assessment

Mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis for foodomics

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