Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator

Li, Kerui; Shao, Yuanlong; Yan, Hongping; Lü, Zhi; Griffith, Kent J.; Yan, Jinhui; Wang, Gang; Fan, Hongwei; Lu, Jingyu; Huang, Wei; Bao, Bin; Liu, Xuelong; Hou, Chengyi; Zhang, Qinghong; Li, Yaogang; Yu, Junsheng; Wang, Hongzhi

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07241-7

Cited by 88 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The WO 3 cathode exhibits DT of $88% at 632.8 nm (without background correction), which is higher than that measured in 1 M ZnSO 4 ($82%, Figure S10) and higher than previous reports. 2,14,20,[24][25][26] Notably, the WO 3 cathode in hybrid Zn 2+ / Al 3+ -based electrolyte exhibits strong light absorption in the green and red regions of the visible spectrum ($86% at 550 nm), compared to the WO 3 cathode in 1 M ZnSO 4 ($72.9% at 550 nm, Figure S10). This is due to the reduction of W 6+ to W 4+ in the hybrid system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Aqueous Hybrid Zn2+/Al3+ Electrochromic Batteries

Firby

Elezzabi

2019

Joule

240

257

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Electrochromic technology is an excellent strategy for green buildings, as they can be reversibly colored upon application of an external voltage, which enables blocking of visible light and solar heat. We design a novel hybrid system to eliminate the energy consumed during the coloration process, while retrieving the energy consumed during bleaching. When employed in an electrochromic battery, our hybrid system endows superior electrochemical performance, including high contrast, fast response times, high capacity, and good cycling stability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable Aqueous Hybrid Zn2+/Al3+ Electrochromic Batteries

Firby

Elezzabi

2019

Joule

240

257

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“…Moreover, our TCPs hydrogel‐based display behaves more steadily via all visual angles and is more colorful than existing displays developed by photonic crystal [ 28 ] and PEDOT:PSS for soft display. [ 29–33 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermochromic Hydrogel for Camouflage and Soft Display

Yin

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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hydrogel devices. For example, the conductivity of hydrogels can be enhanced by adding ions or carbon nanomaterials. [20] Adding photochromic, thermochromic, or photonic materials endows hydrogel the ability to change color under certain external stimulations. [21][22][23][24] Using this method, we prepare a novel thermochromic hydrogel by embedding thermochromic capsule powders (TCPs) into the hydrogel (Figure 1, see details in the Experimental Section).TCPs change color in response to temperature. The particles are usually spheres with 3-5 μm in diameters as shown in images of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Figure 1a,b). The exterior of the particle is a 0.2-0.5 μm thick transparent shell that neither dissolves nor melts when environment temperature changes. The components of the TCPs are shown in Table S1 in the Supporting Information. The shell protects the components from being eroded by the external environment during the reversible reaction of coloration, so the thermochromic property is quite stable. [25] Besides the shell layer, the thermochromic components consist of two ingredients: a color agent (CA), and a solvent. The critical temperature for color changing is determined by the phase change temperature of the solvent: when the ambient temperature is lower than the critical temperature, the solvent is solid, and the CA displays color 1. As Figure 1c shows, when the temperature rises above the critical temperature, the electron transfer occurs between them resulting in the change of the molecular structure of the CA and the color displayed of the system. [26] Under a certain temperature, the coloration and discoloration reactions reach an equilibrium state, which determines the saturation of the color. Furthermore, the critical temperature can be changed by controlling the melting point of the solvent component. [27] The color of the prepared hydrogel can switch between two modes at a specific temperature with a prompt response. As TCPs can disperse well in water, the addition of a small amount of powders (5 mg mL −1 ) is enough to dye the hydrogel. This color-changing hydrogel has good mechanical properties and retains its ability of color changing even after cyclic loading. To explore the mechanical properties of the thermochromic hydrogel, one may use quasi-static stretching tests to measure the initial modulus of the hydrogel, and cyclic stretching tests to analyze the functional performance of the hydrogel. We characterize the color-changing ability by absorbance spectra at different temperatures through a spectrophotometer. In addition, we demonstrate that this thermochromic hydrogel Recently, hydrogels with coloration have attracted researchers from various fields, such as camouflage, anti-counterfeiting, and soft display. However, existing thermochromic hydrogels are limited by their weak color display performance and insufficient sensitivity. Here proposed is a new kind of thermochromic hydrogel which possesses bright colors, fast response time, and reliable results across a long lif...

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“…The calculated crystal orientation indexes of P-PE fibers are 86.5, 80.5 and 71.1 at the temperature of 25, 60, and 90 °C, respectively. The integral XRD spectra of the pristine H-PE fiber and the pre-stretched PE fiber heating at different temperature (25,60,90, and 120 °C) are also given in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the processing of torsional or twisted carbon nanotube fiber was complicated and high cost. Recently, the film actuators with both color-turning and shape-changing functions have been developed and arouse great interest [25,26]. Inspired by these results and increasing diversity of application demanding on fiber-shaped actuators, we believe that the exploration of a stable, multifunctional fiber-shaped actuator based on the low-cost materials are of great importance for new generation artificial muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hollow Polyethylene Fiber-Based Artificial Muscle

Gao

Shi

2019

Adv. Fiber Mater.

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Recently, researches on artificial muscles for imitating the functions of the natural muscles has attracted wide attention. The fiber-shape actuators, shape-memory materials or deforming devices, which are similar to human muscle fiber bundles, have extensively studied and provided more possibilities for artificial muscles. Herein, we develop a thermal responsible fiber-shaped actuator based on the low-cost hollow polyethylene fiber. The sheath-core structured fibrous actuators and the stainless-steel conductive yarn winded pre-stretched polyethylene actuators are fabricated with the heating assisted prestretching procedure. The actuation mechanism of the thermal-responsive orientation change of molecular chains driving the actuation is discussed and demonstrated by 2D XRD patterns. These polyethylene-based fibrous actuators displayed three significant advantages including (i) color-turning and shape-changing bifunctional response, (ii) direct joule heating actuation and (iii) effective contraction (18% shrinkage of the pristine length) and lifting ability (the ratio of lifting weight to self-weight is up to 50).

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Lattice-contraction triggered synchronous electrochromic actuator

Cited by 88 publications

References 61 publications

Rechargeable Aqueous Hybrid Zn2+/Al3+ Electrochromic Batteries

Rechargeable Aqueous Hybrid Zn2+/Al3+ Electrochromic Batteries

A Thermochromic Hydrogel for Camouflage and Soft Display

A Hollow Polyethylene Fiber-Based Artificial Muscle

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