Latest Insights into Skin Hyperpigmentation

Ortonne, Jean‐Paul; Bissett, Donald

doi:10.1038/jidsymp.2008.7

Cited by 117 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Overproduction and accumulation of melanin occur in several skin disorders including solar melanosis, ephelides, melasma, senile lentigos and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation [4]. Since tyrosinase is the limiting step enzyme in melanogenesis, its inhibitors have become increasingly important as depigmenting agents in hyperpigmentation disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant properties of Asphodelus microcarpus extracts

Petrillo

González-Paramás

Era

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background Asphodelus microcarpus belongs to the family Liliaceae that include several medicinal plants. In the traditional medicine plants of the genus Asphodelus are used to treat skin disorders such as ectodermal parasites, psoriasis, microbial infection and for lightening freckles. In order to find novel skin depigmenting agents, the present work was carry out to evaluate antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of leaves, flowers and tubers extracts of A. microcarpus. The phytochemical composition of the active extract was also evaluated.MethodsThree different extracts (water, methanol and ethanol) from leaves, flowers and tubers of A. microcarpus were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity using l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) as substrate. Inhibition of cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production was also investigated in melanoma B16F10 cells. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoids contents were determined using standard in vitro methods. HPLC-DAD-MS was used to identify phenolic profile of the active extract.ResultsThe results showed that all extracts have a direct inhibitory anti-tyrosinase activity, with ethanolic extract from flowers (FEE) exhibiting the stronger effect. Kinetic analysis revealed that FEE acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.19 mg/mL. The same effect was observed in murine melanoma B16F10 cells. Cellular tyrosinase activity as well as melanin content were reduced in FEE-treated cells. The results were comparable to that of the standard tyrosinase inhibitor (kojic acid). Furthermore, the same extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and an elevated levels of total phenolics and flavonoid content. Eleven phenolic components were identified as chlorogenic acid, luteolin derivates, naringenin and apigenin.ConclusionsOur findings showed that FEE from A. microcarpus inhibits tyrosinase and exerted antimelanogenesis effect in B16F10 cells. This extract also showed the highest scavenging activity, which could be mainly attributed to its high levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids. These results suggest that A. microcarpus has a great potential as sources of bioactive compounds which could be used as depigmenting agents in skin disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant properties of Asphodelus microcarpus extracts

Petrillo

González-Paramás

Era

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…This is frequently referred to as extrinsic aging or photodamage. 6,9 Increasing amount of hemoglobin in the skin leads to erythema. Extrinsic aging results in coarse wrinkles, elastosis, pigmentary changes, and skin malignancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intrinsic aging and photodamage on skin dyspigmentation: an explorative study

et al. 2016

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Photoaging is associated with increasing pigmentary heterogeneity and darkening of skin color. However, little is known about age-related changes in skin pigmentation on sun-protected areas. The aim of this explorative study was to measure skin color and dyspigmentation using image processing and to evaluate the reliability of these parameters. Twenty-four volunteers of three age-groups were included in this explorative study. Measurements were conducted at sun-exposed and sun-protected areas. Overall skin-color estimates were similar among age groups. The hyper- and hypopigmentation indices differed significantly by age groups and their correlations with age ranged between 0.61 and 0.74. Dorsal forearm skin differed from the other investigational areas (p<0.001). We observed an increase in dyspigmentation at all skin areas, including sun-protected skin areas, already in young adulthood. Associations between age and dyspigmentation estimates were higher compared to color parameters. All color and dyspigmentation estimates showed high reliability. Dyspigmentation parameters seem to be better biomarkers for UV damage than the overall color measurements.

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“…Tyrosinase is a key enzyme that is responsible for melanogenesis in melanoma and melanocytes [4, 5]. The inhibition of tyrosinase will greatly affect the melanogenesis process and melanin production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depigmenting Effect of Kojic Acid Esters in Hyperpigmented B16F1 Melanoma Cells

Lajis

Hamid

Ariff

2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

109

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The depigmenting effect of kojic acid esters synthesized by the esterification of kojic acid using Rhizomucor miehei immobilized lipase was investigated in B16F1 melanoma cells. The depigmenting effect of kojic acid and kojic acid esters was evaluated by the inhibitory effect of melanin formation and tyrosinase activity on alpha-stimulating hormone- (α-MSH-) induced melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. The cellular tyrosinase inhibitory effect of kojic acid monooleate, kojic acid monolaurate, and kojic acid monopalmitate was found similar to kojic acid at nontoxic doses ranging from 1.95 to 62.5 μg/mL. However, kojic acid monopalmitate gave slightly higher inhibition to melanin formation compared to other inhibitors at doses ranging from 15.63 to 62.5 μg/mL. Kojic acid and kojic acid esters also show antioxidant activity that will enhance the depigmenting effect. The cytotoxicity of kojic acid esters in B16F1 melanoma cells was significantly lower than kojic acid at high doses, ranging from 125 and 500 μg/mL. Since kojic acid esters have lower cytotoxic effect than kojic acid, it is suggested that kojic acid esters can be used as alternatives for a safe skin whitening agent and potential depigmenting agents to treat hyperpigmentation.

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Latest Insights into Skin Hyperpigmentation

Cited by 117 publications

References 20 publications

Tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant properties of Asphodelus microcarpus extracts

Tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant properties of Asphodelus microcarpus extracts

Effects of intrinsic aging and photodamage on skin dyspigmentation: an explorative study

Depigmenting Effect of Kojic Acid Esters in Hyperpigmented B16F1 Melanoma Cells

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