Late Pleistocene iceberg scouring in the north-eastern Baltic Sea, west of Estonia

Карпин, Владимир Александрович; Heinsalu, Atko; Virtasalo, Joonas J.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106537

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Comparable structures have previously been described in the Baltic Sea by Karpin et al. (2021). Hovland and Judd (1988) suggested a relation between iceberg scours and pockmarks.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…There, at distances between 50 and 55 km, the otherwise smooth seafloor is interrupted by several peaks pinching out of the seafloor. These characteristics are comparable to observations from Dowdeswell et al (1997), Karpin et al (2021), andLehmann et al (2022), who related such structures to icebergs scours. Those scours are formed when icebergs with keel depths exceeding the water depth incise into the seafloor.…”

Section: Glacially Related Processessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Consequently, those structures could represent buried iceberg scours that were filled during later sedimentation. Comparable structures have previously been described in the Baltic Sea by Karpin et al (2021). Hovland and Judd (1988) suggested a relation between iceberg scours and pockmarks.…”

Section: Glacially Related Processessupporting

confidence: 66%

“…(1997), Karpin et al. (2021), and Lehmann et al. (2022), who related such structures to icebergs scours.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Driven by wind force and ocean currents, the icebergs plough through the seafloor sediments producing distinctive linear/curvilinear marks (Dorokhov et al., 2018). During the last deglaciation about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, the sea level in the central Baltic Sea was several tens of meters higher than today's sea level (Karpin et al., 2021; Rosentau et al., 2021). As iceberg scours have been reported in water depths exceeding 500 m, it is nonetheless possible that iceberg scouring is responsible for the observed structures (Dowdeswell et al., 1992).…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Paleozoic Hydrocarbon System in the Gotland Basin (Central Baltic Sea) Leaks

Warwel,

Hübscher,

Hartge

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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The Baltic Basin is known for its numerous Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs. There is published evidence that hydrocarbons are leaking from the seafloor, however, little is known about the hydrocarbon migration pathways from Paleozoic source and reservoir rocks toward the seafloor and their escape structures. To investigate these processes, we utilize a new set of multibeam, parametric sediment sub‐bottom profiler and 2D seismic reflection data. The integrated analysis of seismic profiles, diffraction imaging and bathymetric maps allow to identify a hydrocarbon migration system within Silurian and Devonian strata that consists of layer parallel and updip migration beneath sealing layers, migration across seals along faults, and seafloor escape structures in form of elongated depressions. The general migration trend is directed updip, from the Paleozoic reservoirs below the southeastern Baltic Sea toward the Gotland Depression in the northwest. The locations of the hydrocarbon escape structures at the seafloor and their elongated shape are mainly controlled by the regional geological setting of outcropping Paleozoic layers. In addition, iceberg scouring may have facilitated hydrocarbon migration through the Quaternary deposits. The description of this hydrocarbon migration system fills the gap between the known reservoirs and the observed hydrocarbon accumulations and seepages. With regard to potential Carbon Capture and Storage projects, the identification of this hydrocarbon migration system is of great importance, as potential storage sites may be leaking.

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“…Comparable structures have previously been described in the Baltic Sea by Karpin et al. (2021). Hovland and Judd (1988) suggested a relation between iceberg scours and pockmarks.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Glacially Related Processessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Glacially Related Processessupporting

confidence: 66%

“…(1997), Karpin et al. (2021), and Lehmann et al. (2022), who related such structures to icebergs scours.…”

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Paleozoic Hydrocarbon System in the Gotland Basin (Central Baltic Sea) Leaks

Warwel,

Hübscher,

Hartge

et al. 2023

Earth and Space Science

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Conceptual model for the formation of bedforms along subglacial meltwater corridors (SMCs) by variable ice‐water‐bed interactions

Vérité,

Livingstone,

Ravier

et al. 2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Subglacial meltwater landforms found on palaeo‐ice sheet beds allow the properties of meltwater drainage to be reconstructed, informing our understanding of modern‐day subglacial hydrological processes. In northern Canada and Fennoscandia, subglacial meltwater landforms are largely organized into continental‐scale networks of subglacial meltwater corridors (SMCs), interpreted as the relics of subglacial drainage systems undergoing variations in meltwater input, effective pressure and drainage efficiency. We review the current state of knowledge of bedforms (hummocks, ridges, murtoos, ribbed bedforms) and associated landforms (channels, eskers) described along SMCs and use selected high‐resolution DEMs in Canada and Fennoscandia to complete the bedform catalogue and categorize their characteristics, patterning and spatial distributions. We synthesize the diversity of bedform and formation processes occurring along subglacial drainage routes in a conceptual model invoking spatiotemporal changes in hydraulic connectivity, basal meltwater pressure and ice‐bed coupling, which influences the evolution of subglacial processes (bed deformation, erosion, deposition) along subglacial drainage systems. When the hydraulic capacity of the subglacial drainage system is overwhelmed glaciofluvial erosion and deposition will dominate in the SMC, resulting in tracts of hummocks and ridges arising from both fragmentation of underlying pre‐existing bedforms and downstream deposition of sediments in basal cavities and crevasses. Re‐coupling of ice with the bed, when meltwater supply decreases, facilitates deformation, transforming existing and producing new bedforms concomitant with the wider subglacial bedform imprint. We finally establish a range of future research perspectives to improve understanding of subglacial hydrology, geomorphic processes and bedform diversity along SMCs. These perspectives include the new acquisition of remote‐sensing and field‐based sedimentological and geomorphological data, a better connection between the interpreted subglacial drainage configurations down corridors and the mathematical treatments studying their stability, and the quantification of the scaling, distribution and evolution of the hydraulically connected drainage system beneath present‐day ice masses to test our bedform‐related conceptual model.

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Fennoscandia: glacial landforms during the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial (14.6–12.9 ka)

Greenwood

Hughes

Avery

2023

European Glacial Landscapes

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Late Pleistocene iceberg scouring in the north-eastern Baltic Sea, west of Estonia

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

The Paleozoic Hydrocarbon System in the Gotland Basin (Central Baltic Sea) Leaks

The Paleozoic Hydrocarbon System in the Gotland Basin (Central Baltic Sea) Leaks

Conceptual model for the formation of bedforms along subglacial meltwater corridors (SMCs) by variable ice‐water‐bed interactions

Fennoscandia: glacial landforms during the Bølling–Allerød Interstadial (14.6–12.9 ka)

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