Laser Porosificated Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Sämann, Christian; Kelesiadou, Katerina; Hosseinioun, Seyedeh Sheida; Wachtler, Mario; Köhler, Jürgen; Birke, Kai Peter; Schubert, M.B.; Werner, Jürgen

doi:10.1002/aenm.201701705

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…This phenomena can only occur in the phase-separated state and is a result of positive energy supported by interfacial as well as coherency energy strain. The single particle free energy of FePO 4 and LiFePO 4 in the twophase region G as a result of the amount of x Li (lithiation state) in FePO 4 shows a positive amplitude. 19 The derivative of the free energy ∂ G/∂ x Li in Figure 1a with respect to the x Li while all other species are constant is according to Equation 7 the chemical potential μ Li in Figure 1b.…”

Section: Considering These Fundamental Relationships Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intermediate regions between the pure phases are coexisting regimes of two adjacent pure phases. 25 In contrast to LiFePO 4 , the open-circuit potential φ of LiC 6 correlates with the chemical potential μ Li .…”

Section: Considering These Fundamental Relationships Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extreme value II in Figure 3 can be identified as a cathodic effect. With proceeding discharge process, a local minimum IIa arises due to the phase transition of the LiFePO 4 . At the end of the discharge process, the graphite potential rises steeply and lowers μ cell .…”

Section: Considering These Fundamental Relationships Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome these lifetime limiting processes, a lot of research with respect to volume changes and cell pressure is ongoing. On material level, there are options like modification the active material 4 or the binder. The cell itself as a stack of electrodes and separator layers sealed in a housing allows several measurement techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Singer

Kropp

Kuehnemund

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Constraining lithium-ion cells increases the cyclic lifetime. However, depending on an expected volume expansion during charge and discharge cycling, defining the optimal constraining pressure range is not straightforward. In this study, we investigate a lithium iron phosphate/graphite pouch cell at four initial constraining pressure levels. As a function of C-Rate, the thermodynamic principle of the non-monotonic pressure curve during full charge and discharge cycles is evaluated. Using the rubber balloon model to calculate the chemical potential of lithium iron phosphate and discussing the relationship between the chemical potential and pressure, we illustrate the pressure curve qualitatively. By applying differential pressure analysis, we evaluate the resulting pressure curves of a single graphite stage. Approaching a fundamental understanding of reduced cycling lifetime of full cells with unknown material composition, we allocate the stages and stage transitions of graphite as well as the phase transition of lithium iron phosphate. Local extreme values in the differential pressure analysis indicate phase and stage transitions. These values can identify critical operating conditions that should be considered for defining the optimum initial constraining pressure range.

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Section: Considering These Fundamental Relationships Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considering These Fundamental Relationships Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considering These Fundamental Relationships Of Thermodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Singer

Kropp

Kuehnemund

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…In order to obtain porous silicon materials more efficiently and cheaply, one method is that commercially available magnesium powder can be easily reacted with HSiCl 3 to obtain porous silicon by using amine as a catalyst under mild conditions, and the other is to obtain by laser etching. Galvanostatic cycling with a charge capacity limited to C=932 mAh g −1 and a 2 C current rate shows a stable cycling for more than N=600 cycles …”

Section: Suitable Structural Design Of Silicon Anodementioning

confidence: 98%

Silicon Anodes for High‐Performance Storage Devices: Structural Design, Material Compounding, Advances in Electrolytes and Binders

Hou

Yang

2020

ChemNanoMat

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Silicon has an extremely high theoretical capacity, a low voltage platform, and abundant natural reserves. It is considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, there are still many problems with silicon as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. During the lithiation/delithiation of silicon, a huge volume expansion occurs, causing the silicon particles to pulverize and the capacity to drop sharply. Furthermore, the continuous increase in the silicon surface solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films and the poor conductivity of silicon affect the specific capacity of the battery. Means to improve silicon-based anodes with regard to electrode cycling performance and electrode capacity include structural design, composite preparation, or improvements in electrolytes and binders (for example, designing silicon nanomaterials of different dimensions from 0D to 3D, including silicon nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, thin films, porous silicon, and core-shell structures). Silicon has been combined with different materials to buffer its own volume expansion, resulting in excellent performance. In addition, the design of a reasonable electrolyte solution, as well as the development of a selfhealing binder is one of the main methods to improve Sibased anodes. In recent years, sodium/potassium ion batteries have been increasingly studied, and silicon and sodium/potassium can be alloyed. The corresponding theoretical capacity can reach 954 mAh g À 1 and 955 mAh g À 1 , respectively. Advances in silicon-based anodes for sodium/ potassium ion storage are summarized herein.ductility. [25] It can increase the conductivity of silicon and adapt to the large volume expansion of silicon. In addition, some are compounded with silicon or metal or metal oxides. Such as copper, silver, tin oxide and titanium oxide. [39][40][41][42][43][44] In addition to changing the silicon's own morphological structure and preparing composite materials, the design and selection of electrolytes and binders is to improve the performance of silicon-based electrodes from the outside. By selecting the appropriate electrolytes, the electrode materials can be effectively reduced deterioration. At present, various additive-modified organic solvent electrolytes, ionic liquid electrolytes, and all-solid electrolytes are widely used in silicon-based anodes. [45][46][47][48] In addition, it is widely applicable to the binder polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) of lithium ion battery electrode materials, but

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Fundamental Understanding and Facing Challenges in Structural Design of Porous Si‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Cheng

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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As one of the most electrochemical energy storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remain the workhorse of the energy market due to their unparalleled advantages. Remarkably, Si-based materials play a pivotal role in LIBs anodes owing to ultrahigh theoretical capacity of Si and rich natural resources. However, bulk silicon materials are difficult to meet the current commercial demand because of their low conductivity, sluggish reaction kinetics, and huge volume expansion. The construction of porous structures has been acknowledged as an effective way to solve the above issues. Herein, the delicate design of porous Si-based anode materials including synthetic strategies, the engineering of surface morphology and micro/nano-structure, and the regulation of different compositions, as well as their applications in LIBs is systematically summarized. Particularly, the fine engineering of different pore parameters for Si-based materials is on focus. Importantly, the relationship between thick electrodes and tortuosity/porosity, and the structural effect between pores and battery performance are also discussed in depth. Finally, the applications of porous Si-based anodes in full-cells and their commercial achievements are briefly described. This review is expected to provide a basic understanding and deep insight into developing porous Si-based anodes for high-energy lithium storage.

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Laser Porosificated Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Silicon Anodes for High‐Performance Storage Devices: Structural Design, Material Compounding, Advances in Electrolytes and Binders

Fundamental Understanding and Facing Challenges in Structural Design of Porous Si‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Laser Porosificated Silicon Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO4/C6Cells

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO4/C6Cells

Silicon Anodes for High‐Performance Storage Devices: Structural Design, Material Compounding, Advances in Electrolytes and Binders

Fundamental Understanding and Facing Challenges in Structural Design of Porous Si‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells

Pressure Characteristics and Chemical Potentials of Constrained LiFePO₄/C₆Cells