Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Enzymatic Biosensor for Glucose Detection

Abstract

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has recently been receiving increasing attention due to its simple fabrication and low cost. This study reports a flexible laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical biosensor fabricated on a polymer substrate by the laser direct engraving process. For this purpose, a 450 nm UV laser was employed to produce a laser-induced graphene electrode (LIGE) on a polyimide substrate. After the laser engraving of LIGE, the chitosan–glucose oxidase (GOx) composite was immobilized on the LIGE surface to develop the biosensor for glucose detection. It was observed that the developed LIGE biosensor exhibited good amperometric responses toward glucose detection over a wide linear range up to 8 mM. The GOx/chitosan-modified LIGE biosensor showed high sensitivity of 43.15 µA mM−1 cm−2 with a detection limit of 0.431 mM. The interference studies performed with some possible interfering compounds such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, and urea exhibited no interference as there was no difference observed in the amperometric glucose detection. It was suggested that the LIGE-based biosensor proposed herein was easy to prepare and could be used for low-cost, rapid, and sensitive/selective glucose detection.

A Mediated Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor Using Paper-Based Laser-Induced Graphene

“…For the PaperLIG/AFc/GOx/Nafion (0.5%), the catalytic efficiency of the enzymes was investigated through the apparent Michaelis–Menten constant ( ) by using the Lineweaver–Burke equation ( Equation (S3)) (Figure S5b ) [ 27 , 60 ]. The was estimated to be 3.13 mM which was similar to previous reported LIG-based glucose biosensors ( ) [ 27 ] and ferrocene mediated glucose biosensor ( ) [ 61 ]. Figure 4 c illustrates the calibration curve for evaluating the sensing performance of the PaperLIG/AFc/GOx/Nafion (0.5%) in artificial saliva.…”

“…Previously, most of the reported LIG-based enzymatic glucose biosensors depended on oxygen as the electron acceptor, and the glucose level is indicated by measuring the H 2 O 2 (hydrogen peroxide) produced by the reaction of enzymes, glucose, and oxygen [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 27 ]. This kind of glucose biosensor is also known as a first generation glucose biosensor [ 1 , 4 ].…”

Cost Effective Synthesis of Graphene Nanomaterials for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose: A Comprehensive Review

“…More specifically, graphene can be selectively formed through a carbonization process induced by the laser irradiation [ 77 ], while the N and O-groups of the polymeric substrate are decomposed and when the produced gas is also used, a 3D porous structure is obtained. The remaining nitrogen and oxygen can provide sites for functionalization, that as being mentioned in the current review paper, are very critical for the evolution of glucose electrooxidation reaction [ 78 ]. Moreover, the resulted LIG dependent on the operational laser conditions, owns numerous graphene edges which are desirable for its further functionalization.…”

An electrochemical membrane-based aptasensor for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 receptor-binding domain

“…During the process of the carbonization of Kapton tape to graphene, the pulsed laser irradiation converts the sp 3 -carbon atoms of polyimide into sp 2 -carbon atoms [49] , [50] . This method has several advantages in comparison to the wet-chemistry method such as one step, easy, eco-friendly, and safe method [51] .…”