IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.1 Abstract-We report on a photonic system for generation of high quality Continuous Wave (CW) sub-THz signals. The system consists on a Gain-Switching-based Optical Frequency Comb Generator (GS-OFCG), a two-optical-modes selection mechanism and a n-i-pn-i-p superlattice photomixer. As mode selection mechanism, both selective tunable optical filtering using FabryPerot Tunable Filters (FPTF) and Optical Injection Locking (OIL) are evaluated. The performance of the reported system surpasses in orders of magnitude the performance of any commercially available optical mm-wave and sub-THz generation system in a great number of parameters. It matches and even overcomes those of the best commercially available electronic THz generation systems. The performance parameters featured by our system are: linewidth <10 Hz at 120 GHz, complete frequency range coverage (60-140 GHz) with a resolution in the order of 0.1 Hz at 120 GHz (10 -12 of generated frequency), and high long term frequency stability (5 Hz deviation over one hour). Most of these values are limited by the measurement instrumentation accuracy and resolution, thus the actual values of the system could be better than the reported ones. The frequency can be extended straightforwardly up to 1 THz extending the OFCG frequency span. This system is compact, robust, reliable, and offers a very high performance, especially suited for sub-THz photonic Local Oscillators and high resolution spectroscopy.

In this paper, a multiheterodyne architecture for molecular dispersion spectroscopy based on a coherent dual-comb source generated using a single continuous wave laser and electro-optic modulators is presented and validated. The phase-sensitive scheme greatly simplifies previous dual-comb implementations by the use of an electro-optic dual comb and by phase-locking all the signal generators of the setup eliminating, in this way, the necessity of any reference optical path currently mandatory in absorption-based instruments. The architecture is immune to the classical baseline and normalization problems of absorption-based analyzers and provides an output linearly dependent on the gas concentration. In addition, the simultaneous parallel multi-wavelength measurement approach has the ability to deliver an improved output bandwidth (measurement speed) over gas analyzers based on tunable lasers.

Chronic or sustained hyperglycemia associated to diabetes mellitus leads to many medical complications, thus, it is necessary to track the evolution of patients for providing the adequate management of the disease that is required for the restoration of the carbohydrate metabolism to a normal state. In this paper, a novel monitoring approach based on mm-wave spectroscopy is comprehensively described and experimentally validated using living animal models as target. The measurement method has proved the possibility of non-invasive, in-vivo, detection of hyperglycemia-associated conditions in different mouse models, making possible to clearly differentiate between several hyperglycemic states.

Molecular dispersion spectroscopy encompasses a group of spectroscopic techniques for gas analysis that retrieve the characteristics of the sample from the measurement of the profile of its refractive index in the vicinity of molecular resonances. This approach, which is in clear contrast to traditional methods based on the detection of absorption, provides inherent immunity to power fluctuations, calibration-free operation, and an output that is linearly dependent on gas concentration. Heterodyne phase-sensitive dispersion spectroscopy (HPSDS) is a very recently proposed technique for molecular dispersion spectroscopy based on tunable lasers that is characterized by a very simple architecture in which data processing and concentration retrieval are straightforward. Different HPSDS implementations have been experimentally validated in the near-IR. Here, we present the first demonstration of HPSDS in the mid-IR using a directly modulated quantum cascade laser for the measurement of CO. The setup is put under test to characterize its response to changing concentrations, pressures, and levels of optical intensity on the detector, and the limit of detection is estimated. Besides this, an experimental comparison with wavelength modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection (2f-WMS) is performed and discussed in detail in order to offer a clear view of the benefits and drawbacks that HPSDS can provide over what we could consider the reference method for gas analysis based on tunable laser spectroscopy.

In this paper, a technique for molecular dispersion spectroscopy based on heterodyne phase-sensitive detection is presented. The method offers immunity to fluctuations of the received optical power and an output linearly dependent of the gas concentration. Besides this, an analytical model for the propagation of light in gaseous samples has been developed enabling calibration-free operation. The proposed architecture has been tested and experimentally validated using methane as target gas.

In this paper, a new approach to dual comb generation based on well-known optical techniques (Gain-Switching and Optical Injection Locking) is presented. The architecture can be implemented using virtually every kind of continuous-wave semiconductor laser source (DFB, VCSEL, QCL) and without the necessity of electro-optic modulators. This way, a frequency-agile and adaptive dual-comb architecture is provided with potential implementation capabilities from mid-infrared to near ultraviolet. With a RF comb comprising around 70 teeth, the system is validated in the 1.5 μm region measuring the absorption feature of H¹³CN at 1538.523 nm with a minimum integration time of 10 μs.

Graphical abstract Schematic diagram of the response mechanism of PEC detection of Sars-Cov-2-RBD by using Aptamer/Chitosan/CdS QDs-gC 3 N 4 /ITO electrode

Herein, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for the determination of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2-RBD (SARS-CoV-2-RBD) has been developed. For this purpose, first, a macroporous gold screen-printed electrode (MP-Au-SPE) has been fabricated. The MIP was then synthesized on the surface of the MP-Au-SPE through the electro-polymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-RBD molecules as matrix polymer, and template molecules, respectively. During the fabrication process, the SARS-CoV-2-RBD molecules were embedded in the polymer matrix. Subsequently, the template molecules were removed from the electrode by using alkaline ethanol. The template molecules removal was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR). The fabricated MIP film acted as an artificial recognition element for the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-RBD. The EIS technique was used for the measurement of the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the saliva solution. The electron transfer resistance (R et ) of the MIP-based sensor in a ferri/ferrocyanide solution increased as the SARS-CoV-2-RBD concentration increased due to the occupation of the imprinted cavities by the SARS-CoV-2-RBD. The MIP-based sensor exhibited a good response to the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the concentration range between 2.0 and 40.0 pg mL -1 with a limit of detection of 0.7 pg mL -1 . The obtained results showed that the fabricated MIP sensor has high selectivity sensitivity, and stability.