Laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in flames, plasmas and electrothermal atomisers. A review

Abstract

Pump laser .I. Pump laser repetition rate Dye lasers Dye laser cell design

Tungsten Coil Devices in Atomic Spectrometry: Absorption, Fluorescence, and Emission

“…The principles, instrumentation, and applications of ETA-LEAFS have been carefully reviewed in several articles. [17][18][19][20] In LEAFS, various atomizers, especially graphite furnace atomizers, have been employed, but W-Coil atomizers have not yet been utilized. There are no intrinsic reasons that the W-Coil device cannot be used as an atomizer for ETA-LEAFS.…”

Absolute and/or relative detection limits in laser-based analysis: the end justifies the means

“…In particular, referring to the furnace atomisation technique followed by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) [23,24], an absolute detection limit of 1 fg corresponds to a concentration detection limit of 0.1 ppt, if 10 l of sample solution are deposited on the furnace: again, this limit would improve to 1 ppq if the amount of solution deposited would become 1 ml (which is nonsensical).…”

Laser Spectroscopy for Atmospheric and Environmental Sensing

“…If the sample has insufficient vapor pressure, energy must be imparted to the sample to volatilize the element. Volatilization techniques include simple effusive cells, flames [26,30-32], electrothermal atomizers (ETA) [21,33,34], glow discharge cells, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) [20,35,36], and laser ablated (LA) plumes. In general, the highest sensitivities are achieved using ETAs due to their small cavity volume, while plasmas are not as attractive due to the high intensity of background radiation [28].…”

“…A comparison with other laser-based atomic spectroscopy techniques has been made by Sjöström [ 22 ]. Since this review is not focused on instrumentation or theory, readers should consult other papers on these subjects [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 26 - 29 ].…”