Large-Scale Plant Production of Lycium barbarum L. by Liquid Culture in Temporary Immersion System and Possible Application to the Synthesis of Bioactive Substance

Abstract

<jats:p>Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) has recognized nutritive and antioxidant properties and many products are commercialized for health in food market. Besides its food use, goji has been the subject of more than 2000 years of traditional Chinese medicine, using berries, root bark, and leaves. Here, the potential of the liquid culture in temporary immersion system (TIS) by using the bioreactor PlantformTM was tested for the large-scale production of high-quality goji shoots and the subsequent production of total phenols and flavonoids. The three tested immersion cycles differently influenced the shoot quality in terms of proliferation and hyperhydricity. The best immersion cycle (time and frequency) was proven to have the shortest daily immersion time (6 min every 24 h) which ensured good levels of relative growth and multiplication rate, very limited onset of hyperydricity, and the longest shoots, promoting direct rooting after only 30 days of culture. In comparison with the semisolid culture, the TIS culture resulted in an increase of the total phenolic content (TPC) and in a lower value of the total flavonoid content (TFC). However, considering the higher quantity of biomass produced in the PlantformTM bioreactor, the difference in terms of TFC productivity between semisolid medium and TIS liquid culture was proven to be statistically equivalent.</jats:p>

Establishment of a Cell Suspension Culture of Ageratina pichinchensis (Kunth) for the Improved Production of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds

“…These results surpass those reached by callus cultures, whose maximum production was identified on day 30, producing 650-µg g −1 DW for compound 2 and 201.10-µg g −1 DW of compound 3 [ 27 ]. Reducing the time of production of the compounds is a desirable characteristic in cell suspension cultures; in addition to being more homogeneous compared to callus cultures, it is possible to increase the production of bioactive compounds by adding elicitors and by scaling up reactors [ 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Temporary Immersion System for Production of Biomass and Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants

“…Total phenols and flavonoids were recorded in vitro culture of Lycium barbarum cultivated in PlantForm [107]. Here, the TIS culture resulted in an increase of the total phenolic content and a lower value of the total flavonoid content, with respect to the control with a semi-solid culture system.…”

“…In contrast, plumbagin, as the main bioactive compound from Drosera communis, was reduced in its yield by TIS compared to the semi-solid system and continuous immersion system [69]. Shoots of Lycium barbarum propagated in TIS were characterized by high concentration of total phenolic (23.6 mg gallic acid equivalent-GAE/g DW) and low flavonoid content (1.9 mg rutin equivalent-RE/g DW) compared to semi-solid culture [107]. The effect of TIS on the growth, development, quality, and biochemical characteristics of different rose species was investigated by Malik et al [108], showing that Rosa tomentosa and Rosa rubiginosa plants propagated in TIS were characterized by a high content of phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, and multiplication rate, and were better than those of plants developed on semi-solid culture.…”

CO2 supplementation eliminates sugar-rich media requirement for plant propagation using a simple inexpensive temporary immersion photobioreactor

“…roller bottles (Shetty, 2005)), mist bioreactors or nutrient sprinkle reactors (Steingroewer et al, 2013), and Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs). Existing TIBs include Temporary Root zone Immersion (TRI) bioreactors (Neumann et al, 2020a), Periodic Immersion Bioreactor (PIB), Plantform™ (Ruta et al, 2020), and the twin ask bioreactor system commercialized as the RITA® / SETIS™ (Georgiev et al, 2013). However, due to design constraints that limit economic feasibility (Eibl et al, 2018) these solutions have generally been relegated to research environments (Balogun et al, 2017) and commercial production of high-margin plant medicinal products and luxury crops (Ducos et al, 2010).…”