Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Prostate: A Rare Interesting Case and Literature Review

Zafarghandi, R. Mahdavi; Kalantari, Mahmoud Reza; Rezayat, Alireza Akhavan; Asadpour, A.

doi:10.5812/numonthly.45086

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Chromogranin staining demonstrated strongly and diffusely positive staining within the tumour cells. Yang [4] summarized the pathology examination findings related to the case as follows:…”

Section: Microscopic (Histology Examination) Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been iterated that large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the prostate gland is an exceptionally rare type of prostate cancer. [1] and that only eighteen case reports had been published in the literature up to 2020 [1][2][3][4][5]. To the knowledge of the author less than 25 cases of LCNEC had been reported in the literature and the reported cases have been about 20 cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen cases of LCNEC had been reported up to the time of the report of their case • Ten cases had occurred pursuant to long-term ADT, and five cases were de novo LCNEC. [4] [5] [11] [29] •…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yoo et al [32] reported a 70-year-old man who had LCNEC of the lung and metastases in the prostate, brain, bone, liver and lymph nodes. Zafarghandi et al [4] reported a 71-year-old man who was referred to their clinic with increased dysuria, frequently and urgently for 3 months. He did not have any systemic signs and symptoms such as fever, night sweats, anorexia, and weight loss.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update

Venyo¹

2022

JCRCT

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It has been documented that the 2016 World Health Organization’s histological classification of prostate cancer has included well-differentiated carcinoid tumours and small- or large-cell poorly differentiated tumours within the category of neuroendocrine tumours. Up to May 2021, only 20 cases of large-cell neuroendocrine tumours of the prostate gland (LCNTPs) had been reported within the literature, among which are nine cases of primary tumours. LCNTPs are a rare histological entity whose evolutive profile and therapeutic potential do differ from those of conventional adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the prostate gland could be pure or associated with an adenocarcinoma component. Mixed forms of large cell neuroendocrine cancers of the prostate gland (LCNECPs) tend to associated with better prognosis when diagnosed early at a localized stage. Nevertheless, most cases of (LCNTPs) at the time of initial diagnosis could tend to be advanced, locally advanced or metastatic. Even though LCNECPs that are diagnosed initially tend to primary prostate cancers that may be pure primary prostate cancers, few large LCNECPs have been found to be metastatic large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas that had metastasised from other sites of the body for example the lung. Primary LCNECP does tend to manifest similarly to primary adenocarcinoma of prostate gland with lower urinary tract symptoms, haematuria, or signs of obstruction of the upper urinary tract or inability to empty the urinary bladder. Cases of primary LCNECP that manifest tend also to be associated with symptoms related to the sites of the metastases. Serum prostate specific antigen levels tend to be slightly elevated with cases of primary LCNECP, but the levels generally tend not to be as high as most cases of advanced, locally advanced or metastatic primary adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland. Diagnosis of LCNECPs tend to be made pursuant to the undertaking of histopathology and immunohistochemistry staining studies of specimens of the prostate that had been obtained from prostate biopsies, trans-urethral reception of prostate specimens or prostatectomy specimens. The microscopy histopathology examination features of LCNECP the prostate gland have been summarized as follows: (a) Microscopy histopathology examination of LCNECP gland does tend to demonstrate large islands or sheets of tumour cells. (b) Large tumour cells with prominent neuroendocrine features such as salt and pepper chromatin and small nucleoli tend to be visualised upon microscopy examination of specimens of the prostate tumour. (c) High grade features such as lack of glandular formation, frequent mitoses and apoptotic bodies and tumour necrosis tend to be frequent findings upon microscopy examination of specimens of LCNECP. Immunohistochemistry staining features of LCNECP include: (a) At least one of the ensuing neuroendocrine tumour markers should be demonstrated upon immunohistochemistry staining including exhibition of positive immunohistochemistry staining for: chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, and CD56 may be positive: It has been stated that immunohistochemistry staining studies may exhibit positive staining in cases of LCNECP with utilization of the following: o TTFI tends to be positive in less than 50% of cases of LCNECP. o Positive AMACR immunohistochemistry staining, but this may be focal or weaker than for adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. o Positive markers including: PSA, PSMA, NKX3.1 prostein (P501S) tend to be negative in majority of cases of LCNECP, but they could be focally positive in a small subset of the tumours. It has been iterated that in cases of LCNECP, immunohistochemistry staining studies tend to demonstrate negative staining for the ensuing markers: • Urothelial markers such as GATA3, p63, and high molecular weight cytokeratins such as CK5 / 6. • CD99. • Carcinoid tumour of the prostate gland. • PNET/Ewing sarcoma of the prostate gland. • Adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland with focal neuroendocrine differentiation. • Urothelial carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. A high index of suspicion is required in order to diagnose early cases of primary large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas by undertaking early biopsies of prostate glands in all patients who have significant lower urinary tract symptoms if their serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels are slightly high or high even if they are commenced on Tamsulosin in an attempt to help improve the symptoms of voiding. There is no consensus opinion on the best management of LCNECP, therefore, there is an urgent need for the establishment of a global multi-centre trial related to various management options for the disease in order to ascertain the best options of management for LCNECP. gland.

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“…Chromogranin staining demonstrated strongly and diffusely positive staining within the tumour cells. Yang [4] summarized the pathology examination findings related to the case as follows:…”

Section: Microscopic (Histology Examination) Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update

Venyo¹

2022

JCRCT

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“…Prostate cancer is a malignancy, which in most cases is prostatic adenocarcinoma amongst men, in which tumor cells begin to grow and proliferation of the epithelial tissue [1][2][3][4]. About 70% of the prostate tumors originate from the peripheral zone, 25% from the Transition zone and 5% from the central zone [5][6][7][8]. The incidence of this cancer varies among different populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association study between common variations in some candidate genes and prostate adenocarcinoma predisposition through multi-stage approach in Iranian population

2020

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Background: Prostate cancer is one of the five common cancers and has the second incidence rate and the third mortality rate in Iranian population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of rs16901979, rs4242382 and rs1447295 on 8q24 locus, rs2735839 (KLK3 gene) and rs721048 (EHBP1 gene) with prostate adenocarcinoma through multi-stage approach to identify the polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer and use them as screening factors. Screening tests can identify people who may have a chance of developing the disease before detection and any symptoms. Methods: The case-control study included 103 cases (prostate adenocarcinoma) and 100 controls (benign prostatic hyperplasia). Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR was used to genotyping of each participant. A Multi-stage approach was used for efficient genomic study. In this method, a smaller number of people can be used. Chi-squared, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used to investigate the SNPs associated with prostate cancer and Gleason score. Results: In the first stage (59 men), the frequency of polymorphisms rs16901979, rs4242382, rs1447295, rs2735839 and rs721048 in the prostate adenocarcinoma group was evaluated compared to the control group (P-value < 0.3) in order to select meaningful polymorphisms. There was not any significant difference between genotype frequency rs16901979 (P = 0.671) and rs721048 (P = 0.474) in the case group compared to BPH. Therefore, these polymorphisms were eliminated, and in the second step (144 men), rs4242382, rs2735839 and rs1447295 were evaluated (P-value < 0.05). According to the total population (203 men), there was significant difference between genotype frequency rs4242382 (P = 0.001), rs2735839 (P = 0.000) and rs1447295 (P = 0.005) even after using Bonferroni correction (p = 0.016). The effect of these three polymorphisms on prostate cancer was not modified by age and PSA. There was a significant difference between the allelic frequency of A vs G (rs4242382, rs2735839) at all classes of Gleason score and A vs C (rs1447295) at Gleason score ≥ 8.

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De novo large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A case report and literature review

et al. 2022

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Abbreviations & Acronyms AC = adenocarcinoma ADT = androgen deprivation therapy AR = androgen receptor CT = computed tomography LCNEC = large-cell neuroendocrine cell carcinoma LH-RH = luteinizing hormonereleasing hormone LUTS = lower urinary tract symptoms MRI = magnetic resonance imaging N/R = not reported PBx = prostate biopsy PSA = prostate-specific antigen SCLC = small cell lung cancer SCNEC = small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma TURBT = transurethral resection of the bladder tumor TURP = transurethral resection of the prostate ULN = upper limit of normal range WHO = World Health Organization

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Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Prostate: A Rare Interesting Case and Literature Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update

Association study between common variations in some candidate genes and prostate adenocarcinoma predisposition through multi-stage approach in Iranian population

De novo large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A case report and literature review

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