2021
DOI: 10.3390/bios11080275
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Large Animal Studies to Reduce the Foreign Body Reaction in Brain–Computer Interfaces: A Systematic Review

Abstract: Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are reliant on the interface between electrodes and neurons to function. The foreign body reaction (FBR) that occurs in response to electrodes in the brain alters this interface and may pollute detected signals, ultimately impeding BCI function. The size of the FBR is influenced by several key factors explored in this review; namely, (a) the size of the animal tested, (b) anatomical location of the BCI, (c) the electrode morphology and coating, (d) the mechanics of electrode ins… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…Numerous studies implanted microwires or an MEA into the cerebral cortex and muscle tissue for a long duration (>6 months) and found no serious inflammation or immune reaction [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. We implanted fMEAs into the spinal cord for more than one month at most and the arrays were working.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous studies implanted microwires or an MEA into the cerebral cortex and muscle tissue for a long duration (>6 months) and found no serious inflammation or immune reaction [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. We implanted fMEAs into the spinal cord for more than one month at most and the arrays were working.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is consistent with the fact that the attenuation coefficient that is higher in the chicken tissue than in PBS. [34][35][36] Considering the echo signal (Figure 8a green curve), the amplitude varies by 80 μV over the 500 mV range applied between the gate and the source. The maximum sensitivity is ≈350 μV V −1 which is lower than in PBS (Figure 8b).…”
Section: Ultrasound-based Interrogation Of the Gsgfet State In Chicke...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They have high spatial resolution (0.05–0.5) and fast temporal resolution [ 37 ]. These implants carry high risks of infection and biological rejection and have long term signal loss [ 49 , 56 ]. Early systems to enhance vision used sixty-eight electrodes implanted on the surface of the brain to enable improved vision [ 46 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%