LAJU TANGKAP, KARAKTERISTIK BIOLOGI DAN STATUS PEMANFAATAN UDANG JERBUNG (Penaeus merguiensis DE MANN, 1988) DAN UDANG DOGOL (Metapenaeus affinis H. MILNE EDWARDS, 1837) DI PERAIRAN CILACAP

Abstract

Sumber daya udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) dan udang dogol (Metapenaeus affinis) banyak diminati masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi dan sebagai pemenuhan ekonomi masyarakat. Hal ini menyebabkan penangkapan udang yang intensif di perairan Cilacap, sehingga memerlukan pengelolaan yang lebih mendalam untuk menjaga keberlanjutannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji laju tangkap, karakteristik biologi dan status pemanfaatan udang jerbung dan udang dogol di perairan Cilacap. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan pendataan hasil tangkapan dan pengukuran biometrik udang pada Februari-November 2019. Sampel udang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan jaring tiga lapis (trammel net). Analisis karakteristik biologi dilakukan dengan model analitik dan status pemanfaatan berdasarkan laju eksploitasi dan rasio potensi pemijahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (i) rata-rata laju tangkap M. affinis lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rata-rata laju tangkap P. merguiensis; (ii)alat tangkap jaring tiga lapis lebih selektif dalam menangkap M. affinis berukuran besar dibandingkan P. merguiensis; (iii) puncak proporsi udang betina matang gonad ditemukan pada April untuk P. merguiensis dan Mei untuk M. affinis; dan (iv) status pemanfaatan M. affinis masih tergolong lestari, sedangkan status pemanfaatan P. merguiensis telah lebih tangkap. Dari penelitian ini disarankan agar strategi pengelolaan sebaiknya lebih difokuskan pada jenis P. merguiensis dengan tidak melakukan penambahan produksinya disertai penutupan saat puncak musim pemijahannya pada April hingga diperoleh rasio potensi pemijahan P. merguiensis lebih besar dari 20%.Shrimp resources, banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) and endeavour shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) are favorable for the people and as the economical need of fishers community. This condition caused the intensive shrimp fishing in Cilacap Waters, so that it needs an appropriate management for its sustainability. The aims of this research was to determine of catch rate, biological characteristics and exploitation status of banana prawn and endeavour shrimp in Cilacap Waters. The research was conducted by catch monitoring and biometric measurements from February to November 2019. The sample was obtained from monthly catch of trammel net operated in Cilacap waters.The data were analyzed using an analytical model and determining the exploitation rate and the spawning potential ratio. The results show that: (i) the catch rate of M. affinis was higher than that of P. merguiensis;); (ii) trammel net was more selective for capturing large M. affinis than large P. merguiensis;(iii) the highest proportion of gonad maturity for female shrimp was found in April for P. merguiensis and in May for M. affinis; and (iv) the exploitation status of M. affinis was still sustainable, however the expoitation status of P. merguiensis was in overfishing condition. The results suggest that the management should be focused on P. merguiensis by not increasing its production following by the fishing closure during the peak of spawning season in April until reaching the spawning potential ratio of P. merguiensis more than 20%.

Analysis of The Potential Banana Prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) in The Northern Waters of Rembang Regency

“…This was confirmed in the report by Amron et al, (2009), stating the banana prawn fishing season occurs throughout the year, and peaks during the dry season (April -September). Similarly, Tirtadanu and Chodrijah (2020) showed the highest speckled shrimp and banana prawn catch from Cilacap waters using trammel nets, were obtained in March and August, respectively.…”

“…The fishing gear used by fishermen in Indonesia comprises various types, constructions, operating methods, and parts designed to the catch target (Nurulludin et al, 2016;Wijayanto et al, 2019). In marine prawn and shrimp fisheries, a mini bottom trawl gear is usually used to catch small prawn and shrimp in shallow waters, while banana prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) is caught using trammel nets (Jamal, 2015;Nurdin and Kembaren, 2015;Tirtadanu and Ernawati, 2016;Tirtadanu et al, 2017;Tirtadanu and Panggabean, 2018;Tirtadanu and Chodrijah, 2020). Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number 59 of 2020 concerning Fishing Paths and Placement of Fishing Equipment as well as Fishing Aids in WPPNRI, a trammel nets is a static and passive fishing tool (API), operated using a mesh with a size above 1.5 inches, and a P ris rope below 500 m. Fish stock density is a significant indication of fishery potential in an area, and several studies related to the stock density of prawn and shrimp resources in WPPNRI have been reported, including the report by Hargiyatno et al, (2015), where the stock of banana prawn or jerbung prawn (Penaeus merguiensis) in the Arafura Sea were estimated.…”

Strategy for Development of Fish Auction Place at Cilacap Oceanic Fishing Port, Cilacap Regency, Central Java

“…The auction is only for shrimp, specifically dogol (Panaeus mondon). According to Tirtadanu and Chodrijah (2020), the peak rate of catching dogol shrimp with trammel net in Cilacap waters was observed in March and Jerbung Shrimp in August. Moreover, the auction process running at FAP is the English type.…”

Musim pemijahan dan ukuran layak tangkap udang jerbung (Penaeus merguiensis) di perairan Dumai dan sekitarnya, Riau

“…Nisbah kelamin udang yang tidak seimbang karena didominasi oleh udang betina menunjukan bahwa perairan tersebut masih baik karena udang betina dapat membantu agar penambahan individu dapat berlangsung. Hasil penelitian yang sama juga ditemukan di perairan Cilacap (Tirtadanu & Chodrijah, 2020), di perairan Perbaungan (Silaen & Mulya, 2018) dan di Kupang (Marini et al, 2017).…”