Lack of association between early childhood immunizations and beta-cell autoimmunity.

Graves, Patricia M.; Barriga, Katherine; Norris, J. M.; Hoffman, Michelle; Yu, Liping; Eisenbarth, George S.; Rewers, Marian

doi:10.2337/diacare.22.10.1694

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…In our study, antibodies neither appeared more often after MMR vaccination nor were found more often in vaccinated children compared with offspring that were not MMR vaccinated. Also, no influence by vaccination on the development of islet autoimmunity was found in a cohort of first-degree relatives from the U.S. (14). Overall, the findings in first-degree relatives are consistent with a report from New Zealand that found no associations between year-by-year incidences of childhood diabetes and the introduction, alteration, or abandonment of vaccination programs (15).…”

Section: A B Tbesupporting

confidence: 87%

No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB Study.

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: Environmental factors have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases on the initiation of islet autoimmunity in early childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from questionnaires obtained at birth, at 9 months of age, and at 2 years of age in 823 offspring from parents with type 1 diabetes. By 2 years of age, 31 offspring had islet antibodies, and 10 developed overt diabetes by the time of follow-up. RESULTS: In offspring from mothers with type 1 diabetes, duration of exclusive and total breast-feeding did not differ between islet antibody-positive and -negative children, regardless of HLA genotype, and breast-feeding of 3 months or longer was not associated with protection from antibody development or diabetes onset. In offspring from diabetic fathers, non-statistically significant reductions in exclusive and total breast-feeding times were observed in the antibody-positive cohort. Neither type nor quantity of vaccinations (including Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine; haemophilus influenzae vaccine; diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine; tick-born encephalitis vaccine; or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine) were associated with the development of islet antibodies and diabetes. Measles, mumps, and rubella were not reported in children with islet antibodies or diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no evidence that proposed environmental factors affect islet antibody development in the first 2 years of life in offspring from parents with type 1 diabetes.

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Section: A B Tbesupporting

confidence: 87%

No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB Study.

et al. 2000

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“…In accord with the Vaccine Safety DataLink study, several other wellcontrolled retrospective studies found that immuni-zations were not associated with an increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes. [81][82][83] Therefore, the best available evidence does not support the hypothesis that vaccines cause type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Clinical Studies Evaluating the Relationship Between Vaccinementioning

confidence: 91%

Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Vaccines Cause Allergic or Autoimmune Diseases?

Offit

Hackett

2003

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Anecdotal case reports and uncontrolled observational studies in the medical literature claim that vaccines cause chronic diseases such as asthma, multiple sclerosis, chronic arthritis, and diabetes. Several biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain how vaccines might cause allergic or autoimmune diseases. For example, allergic diseases might be caused by prevention of early childhood infections (the "hygiene hypothesis"), causing a prolongation of immunoglobulin E-promoting T-helper cell type 2-type responses. However, vaccines do not prevent most common childhood infections, and large well-controlled epidemiologic studies do not support the hypothesis that vaccines cause allergies. Autoimmune diseases might occur after immunization because proteins on microbial pathogens are similar to human proteins ("molecular mimicry") and could induce immune responses that damage human cells. However, wild-type viruses and bacteria are much better adapted to growth in humans than vaccines and much more likely to stimulate potentially damaging selfreactive lymphocytes. Consistent with critical differences between natural infection and immunization, well-controlled epidemiologic studies do not support the hypothesis that vaccines cause autoimmunity.Flaws in proposed biological mechanisms that explain how vaccines might cause chronic diseases are consistent with the findings of many well-controlled large epidemiologic studies that fail to show a causal relationship.

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“…7,14,15 Data from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study also provides evidence against the notion that vaccination or timing of vaccination is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. 16 This was a prospective study of 317 children who had a first-degree family member with type 1 diabetes. The children were monitored for the development of autoimmunity to pancreatic ␤-cells, an early precursor in the development of type 1 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Vaccinations, Vaccination Timing, and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. To evaluate suggested associations between childhood vaccinations, particularly against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b, and risk of developing type 1 diabetes; and to determine whether timing of vaccination influences risk.Methods. We conducted a case-control study within 4 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that participate in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Study eligibility was restricted to children who met the following criteria: 1) born during 1988 through 1997; 2) HMO member since birth; 3) continuously enrolled for first 6 months of life; and 4) at least 12 months of HMO membership before diabetes incidence date (or index date for controls) unless incidence date was before 12 months of age. All 4 HMOs maintain registries of their members who have diabetes, and we used the registries to identify potential cases of diabetes. We conducted chart reviews to verify that potential cases met the World Health Organization epidemiologic case definition for type 1 diabetes mellitus (ie, a physician's diagnosis of diabetes plus treatment with daily insulin injections). We defined the incidence date of diabetes as the first date that the child received a diagnosis of diabetes. We attempted to match 3 controls to each case. Controls had the same eligibility criteria as cases and were matched to individual cases on HMO, sex, date of birth (within 7 days), and length of health plan enrollment (up to the incidence or index date). The index date for controls was defined as the incidence date of the case to which the control was matched. Chart abstraction was performed by trained chart abstractors using standardized forms. In addition to complete vaccination histories, the chart abstraction forms for both cases and controls included information on sociodemographic characteristics, selected medical conditions, history of breastfeeding, and family medical history. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes associated with vaccination, with vaccine exposure defined as before the diabetes incidence date (or index date for controls). factors that have been studied, but most studies have not found an increased risk of type 1 diabetes associated with vaccination. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Most of the previous studies, however, were conducted before 1990 and do not provide information on many of the currently recommended childhood vaccines. ResultsClassen and Classen 8,9 have hypothesized that certain vaccines (eg, hepatitis B, BCG), if given at birth, can decrease the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus, whereas first vaccination at 2 months of life or later can increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. The few studies reported to date, however, have evaluated vaccine exposure without regard to timing. No controlled epidemiologic studies have been published concerning timing of vaccinations and diabetes risk.Classen 8 has also hypothesized an association of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) v...

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Lack of association between early childhood immunizations and beta-cell autoimmunity.

Abstract: The results suggest that changing the early childhood immunization schedule would not affect the risk of developing beta-cell autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes.

Cited by 69 publications

References 2 publications

No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB Study.

No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB Study.

Addressing Parents’ Concerns: Do Vaccines Cause Allergic or Autoimmune Diseases?

Childhood Vaccinations, Vaccination Timing, and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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