Labor mobility in an enlarged European Union

Kahanec, Martin

doi:10.4337/9781782546078.00015

“…On average post-enlargement migrants were well educated compared to the populations in the source but also destination countries (Kahanec and Zimmermann, 2010;Kahanec, 2013b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration strategies of crisis-stricken youth in an enlarged European Union

Kahanec

¹

,

Fabo

²

2013

Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Migration Strategies of the Crisis-Stricken Youth in an Enlarged European UnionThis paper studies the migration response of the youth from new EU member states to disparate conditions in an enlarged European Union at the onset of the Great Recession. We use the Eurobarometer data and probabilistic econometric models to identify the key drivers of the intention to work in another member state of European Economic Area (EEA) and their expected duration. We find that migration intentions are high among those not married and among males with children, but both categories are also overrepresented among people with only temporary as opposed to long-term or permanent migration plans. Whereas age affects migration intentions negatively, education has no effect on whether working abroad is envisaged. However, conditional on envisaging to work abroad, completion of education (if after 16 th birthday) is associated with long-term (at least five years), but not permanent, migration plans. Finally, we find that socio-demographic variables explain about as much variation of migration intentions as self-reported push and pull factors and migration constraints. JEL Classification:F22, J61

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“…The digital traces, arising from a wide range of electronic recordings of everyday activities provide new avenues to study movements over various scales, from microscopic daily mobility patterns of individuals [1], to mesoscopic patterns accounting for socioeconomic factors [2][3][4], to macroscopic patterns of long-term international migration [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-skilled labour mobility in Europe before and after the 2004 enlargement

Petersen

¹

,

Puliga

²

2017

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The extent to which international high-skilled mobility channels are forming is a question of great importance in an increasingly global knowledge-based economy. One factor facilitating the growth of high-skilled labour markets is the standardization of certifiable degrees meriting international recognition. Within this context, we analysed an extensive high-skilled mobility database comprising roughly 382 000 individuals from five broad profession groups (Medical, Education, Technical, Science & Engineering and Business & Legal) over the period 1997-2014, using the 13-country expansion of the European Union (EU) to provide insight into labour market integration. We compare the periods before and after the 2004 enlargement, showing the emergence of a new east-west migration channel between the 13 mostly eastern EU entrants (E) and the rest of the western European countries (W). Indeed, we observe a net directional loss of human capital from E ! W, representing 29% of the total mobility after 2004. Nevertheless, the counter-migration from W ! E is 7% of the total mobility over the same period, signalling the emergence of brain circulation within the EU. Our analysis of the country -country mobility networks and the countryprofession bipartite networks provides timely quantitative evidence for the convergent integration of the EU, and highlights the central role of the UK and Germany as high-skilled labour hubs. We conclude with two datadriven models to explore the structural dynamics of the mobility networks. First, we develop a reconfiguration model to explore the potential ramifications of Brexit and the degree to which redirection of high-skilled labourers away from the UK may impact the integration of the rest of the European mobility network. Second, we use a panel regression model to explain empirical high-skilled mobility rates in terms of various economic 'pushpull' factors, the results of which show that government expenditure on education, per capita wealth, geographical proximity and labour force size are significant attractive features of destination countries.

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“…Because of linearity, the coefficient of our interest will not be affected by other potentially endogenous regressors. 37 Indeed, comparing the third column to the other columns that do not include the shares of foreigners among the regressors, we do not observe worrying jumps of our point estimates. 38 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…A quite reasonable explanation is that a non-negligible part of natives were worrying about the extraordinary spurt of immigrants: The most enthusiastic advocate of placing restrictions on immigration, the Danish People's Party, was widely seen as the "big election winner", as its share of votes and seats in Parliament rose substantially in 26 The expansion on May 1st, 2004, meant that ten new states joined the European Union: Eight were Central or Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia), and two were Mediterranean countries (Cyprus and Malta). See Kahanec (2010)and Zaiceva and Zimmermann (2008) for detailed evidence on migration from new to old member states. 27 Fears of social dumping and immigration of cheap labor from the new member states lead Denmark, together with a few other member states, to restrict access to the their labor markets until 2009.…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic diversity and firms' export behavior

Parrotta

¹

,

Sala

²

2016

European Economic Review

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.IZA Discussion Paper No. 7923 January 2014 ABSTRACTEthnic Diversity and Firms' Export Behavior * Selling internationally requires products that resonate with an international customer base and therefore an approach to markets that is in keeping with diverse cultures (i.e., relational capital). As emphasized by international business studies, this relational capital is in turn related to the successful teaming of a diverse workforce, as this process teaches employees to operate in multicultural environments. This knowledge becomes like an intangible asset to which firms can resort, also when engaging in international transactions. We explore this channel empirically, investigating the impact of workforce diversity on firms' exporting performances and find that ethnic diversity further justifies firms' different presence in international markets. Since hiring is not a random practice, and firms ultimately select into ethnically different labor forces, we exploit the EU enlargement of 2004 to instrument for the diversity of the pool of workers locally recruitable. Because migrants tend to settle where the attitude toward them is most favorable, we use the median voter's political ideology at firm's location to measure the hostility at time of settlement. This gives our instrument spatial variation besides time variation.JEL Classification: J15, F14, F15, F16, D22

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Labor mobility in an enlarged European Union

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Migration strategies of crisis-stricken youth in an enlarged European Union

Migration strategies of crisis-stricken youth in an enlarged European Union

High-skilled labour mobility in Europe before and after the 2004 enlargement

Ethnic diversity and firms' export behavior

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