Label-free CARS microscopy through a multimode fiber endoscope

Trägårdh, Johanna; Pikálek, Tomáš; Šerý, Mojmı́r; Meyer, Tobias; Popp, Jürgen; Čižmár, Tomáš

doi:10.1364/oe.27.030055

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…To produce small flexible scanning endoscopes, a compact scanner can be implemented at the distal end, using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as steerable mirrors or resonant fiber scanners 8 – 11 . The smallest CARS endoscope uses multimode gradient index fibers directly for CARS microscopy on the front surface, and scanning at the input site is achieved by using spatial light modulators 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal nonlinear endomicroscopic imaging probe using a double-core double-clad fiber and focus-combining micro-optical concept

et al. 2021

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Multimodal non-linear microscopy combining coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, second harmonic generation, and two-photon excited fluorescence has proved to be a versatile and powerful tool enabling the label-free investigation of tissue structure, molecular composition, and correlation with function and disease status. For a routine medical application, the implementation of this approach into an in vivo imaging endoscope is required. However, this is a difficult task due to the requirements of a multicolour ultrashort laser delivery from a compact and robust laser source through a fiber with low losses and temporal synchronization, the efficient signal collection in epi-direction, the need for small-diameter but highly corrected endomicroobjectives of high numerical aperture and compact scanners. Here, we introduce an ultra-compact fiber-scanning endoscope platform for multimodal non-linear endomicroscopy in combination with a compact four-wave mixing based fiber laser. The heart of this fiber-scanning endoscope is an in-house custom-designed, single mode, double clad, double core pure silica fiber in combination with a 2.4 mm diameter NIR-dual-waveband corrected endomicroscopic objective of 0.55 numerical aperture and 180 µm field of view for non-linear imaging, allowing a background free, low-loss, high peak power laser delivery, and an efficient signal collection in backward direction. A linear diffractive optical grating overlays pump and Stokes laser foci across the full field of view, such that diffraction-limited performance is demonstrated for tissue imaging at one frame per second with sub-micron spatial resolution and at a high transmission of 65% from the laser to the specimen using a distal resonant fiber scanner.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal nonlinear endomicroscopic imaging probe using a double-core double-clad fiber and focus-combining micro-optical concept

et al. 2021

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“…84 In this and subsequent reports from the same group, the pump and Stokes beams were coupled into the single mode fiber at distinct polarizations, then combined at the distal tip of the fiber prior to sample illumination and paired with an array of detection fibers for improved collection efficiency. 85 Other methods, using GRIN lenses with multicore imaging fibers 86,87 or multimode GRIN fibers, 88 have recently been reported as well. These approaches enabled the use of laser scanning or spatial light modulators proximal to the fiber in order to achieve the desired focus at the distal fiber tip, and were capable of image formation with reasonable SNRs.…”

Section: Endoscopic Coherent Raman Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational biophotonics with Raman imaging: clinical applications and beyond

Pence

Evans

2021

Analyst

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“…This method is known as wavefront shaping [16,17], and thus by illuminating the proximal facet with a sequence of carefully prepared input light fields, a focused spot can be raster scanned across the distal facet of a MMF. Scanning-based imaging can then be achieved by recording the total intensity of light returning through the fibre and correlating this with the position of the focus [18,19].…”

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confidence: 99%

Time-of-flight 3D imaging through multimode optical fibers

Stellinga

Phillips

Mekhail

et al. 2021

Science

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101

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Time-of-flight (ToF) 3D imaging has a wealth of applications, from industrial inspection to movement tracking and gesture recognition. Depth information is recovered by measuring the round-trip flight time of laser pulses, which usually requires projection and collection optics with diameters of several centimetres. In this work we shrink this requirement by two orders of magnitude, and demonstrate near video-rate 3D imaging through multimode optical fibres (MMFs) -the width of a strand of human hair. Unlike conventional imaging systems, MMFs exhibit exceptionally complex light transport resembling that of a highly scattering medium. To overcome this complication, we implement high-speed aberration correction using wavefront shaping synchronised with a pulsed laser source, enabling random-access scanning of the scene at a rate of ∼23,000 points per second. Using non-ballistic light we image moving objects several metres beyond the end of a ∼40 cm long MMF of 50 µm core diameter, with millimetric depth resolution, at frame-rates of ∼ 5Hz. Our work extends far-field depth resolving capabilities to ultra-thin micro-endoscopes, and will have a broad range of applications to clinical and remote inspection scenarios.

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Label-free CARS microscopy through a multimode fiber endoscope

Cited by 70 publications

References 30 publications

Multimodal nonlinear endomicroscopic imaging probe using a double-core double-clad fiber and focus-combining micro-optical concept

Multimodal nonlinear endomicroscopic imaging probe using a double-core double-clad fiber and focus-combining micro-optical concept

Translational biophotonics with Raman imaging: clinical applications and beyond

Time-of-flight 3D imaging through multimode optical fibers

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