La toxicité relais II. Application de la méthodologie “toxicité de relais” a l'évaluation de la serité d'emploi pour les consommateurs humains du carbadox, facteur de croissance, ajouté à la ration du porc charcutier

Ferrando, R.; Truhaut, R; Raynaud, Jean‐Pierre; Spanoghe, Jean-Pierre

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(75)90038-4

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) is the most persistent metabolite of CBX and has been designated as the marker residue for CBX in animals. 5 Prior to the withdrawal of the product licence for carbadox, the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) for QCA in porcine liver was set at 30 mg kg 21 . We aimed to produce a validated method that could readily confirm QCA at concentrations down to one-tenth of the former MRL.…”

Section: Carbadoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an improved method for confirmation of the carbadox metabolite, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, in porcine liver using LC-electrospray MS-MS according to revised EU criteria for veterinary drug residue analysis

Hutchinson

Young

Hewitt

et al. 2002

Analyst

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A method is described for the quantitative determination of quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA), the marker residue for the veterinary drug carbadox, in swine liver. Tissue is subjected to alkaline hydrolysis followed by liquid-liquid extraction. QCA residues are cleaned up using automated solid phase extraction (SPE), before a final liquid-liquid extraction step. Analysis is based on LC coupled to positive ion electrospray MS-MS, monitoring product ions at m/z 129, 102 and 75 for QCA and at m/z 106 for the internal standard (d4-QCA). The method has been validated according to draft revised EU criteria for analysis of veterinary drug residues, and is suitable for monitoring tissues taken under national surveillance schemes. The method has been validated at 3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 microg kg(-1). The method performance characteristics, CCalpha (decision limit) and CCbeta (detection limit) were determined to be 0.16 and 0.27 microg kg(-1), respectively. The described method, which is relatively rapid and applicable to large sample numbers, correlates well (r2 = 0.9799) with a widely used GC-MS assay for QCA.

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Section: Carbadoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an improved method for confirmation of the carbadox metabolite, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, in porcine liver using LC-electrospray MS-MS according to revised EU criteria for veterinary drug residue analysis

Hutchinson

Young

Hewitt

et al. 2002

Analyst

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show abstract

“…CBX is rapidly metabolised via mono and desoxy compounds to quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) [2]. QCA is the longest existing detectable metabolite found in tissue and was therefore, designated as the marker substance for CBX use in animals [3]. Olaquindox (2-(N-2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)-3-methylquinoxaline-N 1 ,N 4 -dioxide-OQX) is a similar quinoxaline-N-dioxide drug used in veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of carbadox and olaquindox metabolites in porcine liver using liquid chromatography–electrospray, tandem mass spectrometry

Hutchinson

Young

Kennedy

2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…In vivo, carbadox has been shown to metabolize rapidly via the intermediate mono-and desoxy-compounds to the corresponding carboxylic acid, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) by cleavage of the side chain (Ferrando et al 1975, Macintosh et al 1985. QCA is not considered to be toxic, although carbadox and desoxycarbadox are regarded as carcinogenic and mutagenic (JECFA 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of quinoxaline carboxylic acid (metabolite of carbadox) in animal tissue by HPLC

Rose

Bygrave

Tarbin

1995

Food Additives and Contaminants

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A method for the determination of residues of quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA), the major metabolite of carbadox, in pig kidney has been developed. Tissue samples were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extractions, ion-exchange chromatography and further extraction to concentrate the analyte and purify the extract. Determination was by reverse phase HPLC with UV detection at 320 nm. Validation exercises carried out on batches of six samples fortified with 0.050 mg/kg QCA on three separate days gave mean recoveries ranging from 72 to 79% with relative standard deviations ranging from 5.6 to 7.8%. Samples fortified with 0.010 mg/kg QCA gave a mean recovery of 100% with a relative standard deviation of 9.8%.

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La toxicité relais II. Application de la méthodologie “toxicité de relais” a l'évaluation de la serité d'emploi pour les consommateurs humains du carbadox, facteur de croissance, ajouté à la ration du porc charcutier

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Development and validation of an improved method for confirmation of the carbadox metabolite, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, in porcine liver using LC-electrospray MS-MS according to revised EU criteria for veterinary drug residue analysis

Development and validation of an improved method for confirmation of the carbadox metabolite, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, in porcine liver using LC-electrospray MS-MS according to revised EU criteria for veterinary drug residue analysis

Confirmation of carbadox and olaquindox metabolites in porcine liver using liquid chromatography–electrospray, tandem mass spectrometry

Determination of quinoxaline carboxylic acid (metabolite of carbadox) in animal tissue by HPLC

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