La política italiana entre el multipopulismo y la despolitización

Abstract

El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una clave interpretativa del cambio populista de Italia en un contexto de multipopulismo. Los autores intentan analizar los principales fenómenos populistas que han animado a la política italiana como variantes del mismo esquema, cuyo punto en común se encuentra en una matriz civil compartida. La tesis hermenéutica se basa en el hecho de que el patrón de multipopulismo en Italia ha sido determinado por una sucesión de variantes populistas que tienen un solo factor en común: pertenecer a la sociedad civil y, en consecuencia, una marcada inclinación antipolítica. Esta actitud antipolítica de masas y los casos posteriores de populismo están asociados al proceso de despolitización en Italia. Por despolitización, los autores se refieren a un conjunto de cambios en las formas en que se ejerce el poder político en la era neoliberal legitimando a los actores menos capaces de presenciar la presencia de lo “político”.

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“…The process of candidate selection is nearly entirely organized through on-line voting: in M5S' ideology, the "Web" should act as a perfect interest aggregation system, through supposedly horizontal deliberative processes among on-line activists. Such organizational arrangements and practices have de facto led to plebiscitarian results (Anselmi and De Nardis, 2018). Although the M5S for a long time self-declares leaderless and led by "the own members" through on-line voting, Beppe Grillo-who is the legal owner of the party's name and brandrecently reaffirmed his role of guarantor of the Movement, while the current political leader of the party is Luigi Di Maio, elected by the members in September 2017.…”

“…Although the M5S for a long time self-declares leaderless and led by "the own members" through on-line voting, Beppe Grillo-who is the legal owner of the party's name and brandrecently reaffirmed his role of guarantor of the Movement, while the current political leader of the party is Luigi Di Maio, elected by the members in September 2017. Such "genetic model", as well as the salvific role that "the Web" plays in party ideology, convinced some scholars to label the M5S as a "web-populist" party (Anselmi and De Nardis, 2018). As such, the M5S traditionally advanced strong critiques against representative democracy, instead calling for the implementation of direct democratic tools to avoid any forms of intermediation between the "will of the People" and state institutions.…”