El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una clave interpretativa del cambio populista de Italia en un contexto de multipopulismo. Los autores intentan analizar los principales fenómenos populistas que han animado a la política italiana como variantes del mismo esquema, cuyo punto en común se encuentra en una matriz civil compartida. La tesis hermenéutica se basa en el hecho de que el patrón de multipopulismo en Italia ha sido determinado por una sucesión de variantes populistas que tienen un solo factor en común: pertenecer a la sociedad civil y, en consecuencia, una marcada inclinación antipolítica. Esta actitud antipolítica de masas y los casos posteriores de populismo están asociados al proceso de despolitización en Italia. Por despolitización, los autores se refieren a un conjunto de cambios en las formas en que se ejerce el poder político en la era neoliberal legitimando a los actores menos capaces de presenciar la presencia de lo “político”.
After the death of president Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, Venezuela represents a very interesting and unique case of institutionalized populist system. In this article, I will attempt to explain some analytical elements by which we may speak of an institutionalized post-populist condition. It is interesting to understand why the populist Chavist system continues to endure, even if with difficulty, in spite of many unfavourable factors like: the death of a charismatic leader and the presence of a weak leadership; and unfavourable and adverse geopolitical and geoeconomical conditions, especially when compared with those of the initial phase of ascent and prosperity. The objective of this article is to study in its complexity the typicality of the post charismatic phase of Venezuela's system and present a case study of the post-populist condition to be able to compare it in a global and comparative perspective.
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