La demande d'énergie des industries laitières : une analyse microéconomique

Abstract

The energy demands in dairy industries : a micro-economic analysis, by Alain Bousquet, Marc Ivaldi, Norbert Ladoux. An empirical analysis examines substitution opportunities for various forms of energy in the dairy industry. First, we estimate a demand function system for energy factors in order to grasp their substituability. It is then possible to understand the trends in the structure of the energy consumption. Zero expenditures in the sample require a special treatment when the model is specified. And this is true for two different stages : the theoretical one as well as the econometric one. The model is similar to qualitative variable models such as the general Tobit model.

Disaggregating the Demand for Pesticides: Does it Matter?

“…We consider here that these microeconomic choices generate different demand structures that should be taken into account in the econometric specification to produce unbiased and consistent parameter estimates. 11 In particular, a given demand structure occurs with a probability that is not equal to one, yielding an expected error term that is different from zero (Lee and Pitt 1986;Bousquet et al 1989;Arndt et al 1999). A nonlinear generalization of the multivariate Tobit system is used to deal with censoring; see Amemiya (1974Amemiya ( , 1984; Lee (1979); Shonkwiler and Yen (1999) hereafter SY, Yen et al (2003), and Tauchmann (2005).…”

Simulated maximum likelihood estimation of demand systems with corner solutions and panel data application to industrial energy demand

“…Lee and Pitt [1987] applied the virtual price method to estimate energy demand in Indonesia. Bousquet et al [1989] and Bousquet and Ivaldi [1998] applied the same method to estimate the energy demand in the dairy industry in France.…”