La décision par consensus apparent. Nature et propriétés1

Urfalino, Philippe

doi:10.4000/ress.86

Cited by 69 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For some, ‘deliberation’ refers to a ‘discussion mode’, whereas ‘consensus’ is a decision‐making procedure (Dehousse et al ., , p. 845; Novak, ; Urfalino, ). In fact, both terms can also be framed as behavioural norms, which is the approach taken in this article.…”

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confidence: 99%

The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post‐Maastricht Era

Bickerton

Hodson

Puetter

2014

J of Common Market Studies

515

348

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The post-Maastricht period is marked by an integration paradox. While the basic constitutional features of the European Union have remained stable, EU activity has expanded to an unprecedented degree. This form of integration without supranationalism is no exception or temporary deviation from traditional forms of European integration. Rather, it is a distinct phase of European integration, what is called 'the new intergovernmentalism' in this article. This approach to postMaastricht integration challenges theories that associate integration with transfers of competences from national capitals to supranational institutions and those that reduce integration to traditional socioeconomic or security-driven interests. This article explains the integration paradox in terms of transformations in Europe's political economy, changes in preference formation and the decline of the 'permissive consensus'. It presents a set of six hypotheses that develop further the main claims of the new intergovernmentalism and that can be used as a basis for future research.

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confidence: 99%

The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post‐Maastricht Era

Bickerton

Hodson

Puetter

2014

J of Common Market Studies

515

348

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“…Pasquino (2006) stylise (ou «typifie») en effet le concept de délibération au point de n'appeler délibératif non seulement qu'un débat argumenté débouchant sur une décision mais encore selon un mode de décision obtenu exclusivement par convergence des arguments (donc unanimité) et sans avoir du tout recours au vote (sauf éventuellement pour enregistrer formellement le résultat déjà acquis de la délibération). Voir aussi Elster (1986) et Urfalino (2006. A l'époque moderne, les exemples de démocratie délibé-rative en ce sens très stylisé sont extrêmement rares.…”

Section: B Deux Critères Pour L'usage Du Concept De Délibérationunclassified

“…On ne sait rien, en outre, de la façon dont la Commission prenait ses décisions: délibérait-elle par exemple sur le modèle de Pasquino (2006) et Urfalino (2006), i.e. en recherchant un consensus par simple échange d'arguments?…”

Section: La Dynamique Des Relations De Confiance Et D'autorité Daunclassified

“…Troisième étape significative: la «contre-expertise sauvage» La troisième étape significative du point de vue de la délicate construction de la confiance et de l'autorité à la fois épistémiques et politiques entre les représen-tants (indirects) du pouvoir et les opposants au projet est constituée par l'impact des résultats de la «contre-expertise» effectuée de manière «sauvage» par un petit 103 Peut-être serait-il plus juste de dire qu'il n'a plus paru raisonnable de continuer à plaider sur ce terrain (cf. Urfalino [2006]). …”

Section: Seconde éTape Significativeunclassified

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La dynamique des relations de confiance et d’autorité au sein de la démocratie dite « participative » et « délibérative »

Bouvier¹

2007

ress

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I. UNE INTERPRÉTATION MINIMALE DE LA DÉMOCRATIE DE PROXIMITÉLes démocraties occidentales sont toutes, à des degrés divers et sous des formes diverses, des démocraties représentatives. Or, si les utopies révolution-naires ont disparu progressivement, s'effondrant avec la chute du mur de Berlin et celle des puissances sous domination du pouvoir soviétique, si les partis d'extrême-gauche classiques ont eux-mêmes quasiment disparu de la planète, les pouvoirs de ces démocraties sont néanmoins régulièrement confrontés à des difficultés considérables dans l'application de leurs décisions, que ces pouvoirs soient de droite ou de gauche et qu'ils soient libéraux ou républicains. Comme tous les pouvoirs qui ne reposent pas sur la force brute (ou, ce qui revient au même, sur la terreur), les démocraties sont par nature fragiles puisqu'elles reposent sur la seule légitimité qu'elles inspirent, laquelle, de quelque type qu'elle soit, est sujette à usure et même à renversement 2 . A cette fragilité structurelle de l'autorité politique Je remercie ce dernier ainsi que Philippe Urfalino pour leur relecture attentive de l'avant-dernière version. Le résultat le plus évident de ces nombreuses versions est un texte fort long, comportant la matière de plusieurs articles -que je crois néanmoins étroitement articulés -et sollicitant malheureusement probablement outre mesure l'attention du lecteur.2 Cf. Rousseau (1964[1762): «Le plus fort n'est jamais assez fort pour être toujours le maître s'il ne transforme sa force en droit et l'obéissance en devoir» (Contrat Social, I, chap. 3). Il n'y a pas Revue européenne des sciences sociales, Tome XLV, 2007, N° 136, pp. 181-230

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“…Despite a series of controversies (e.g. over the impact of different practices), an "apparent consensus" (Urfalino, 2007) was reached and the practices of these recreational stakeholders were recognized as environmentally-friendly, "traditional" and "worthy" (Deldrève and Deboudt, 2012). Such practices were reframed through the lens of an ecological imperative: "We were the trailblazers of sustainable development", "our practices are ecocompatible" (hut owners' representative); and their impact -questioned by researchers -was described as minimal and responsible: "We fish responsibly, we know what we're doing, we do not stress the ecosystem so as not to disrupt it" (fisher, small leisure boat).…”

Section: Unequal Access To the Public Sphere: Who Defines Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are National Parks Inherently Unequal? The 2006 French Park Reform and its Initial Implementation in Mainland France

Deldrève

Claeys

2016

Desenvolv. Meio Ambiente

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ABSTRACT:In France, like in other parts of the world, environmental-protection policies appear to have taken note of local resistance driven by the eviction of populations and restrictions on their use of certain areas. The amendment to the law on French national parks (2006 reform) as such recognized that local populations can help to protect natural environments, as well as their right to participate in defining the charter (or spatial plan) of new parks. This article analyses the creation and local acceptance of the Calanques National Park, a peri-urban park and the first of a new generation of parks in mainland France. Our approach is based on the analytical framework of environmental effort. Using a qualitative corpus of semi-structured interviews and direct observation, we explore three analytical axes. We begin by analyzing the consultation process conducted during the creation of the park. This points up inequalities in access to the public sphere and underscores that only a few, wellendowed user-organizations truly helped define the "good use" of the Calanques that became a reference in the park's charter. Then we examine how such unequal user participation impacted the wording used in the charter and the distribution of environmental effort demanded of different users. Lastly, the first two observations lead us to question the acceptability of the effort required and its division among users, particularly since the consultation process has been strongly criticized. We question how fairly the effort required by the park's creation was distributed, particularly given the lack of information and limited legitimacy afforded to the consultation process. Finally, we look at the blaming that has taken place amongst different users of the park -a process compounded for many of those interviewed by their fear of being deprived (unjustifiably, they felt) of their freedom to access nature. RESUMO:Na França, como em outras partes do mundo, políticas de proteção ao meio ambiente parecem ter notado a resistência local impulsionada pela expulsão de populações e restrições sobre o uso de determinadas áreas. A alteração na lei sobre parques nacionais franceses (Reforma de 2006) reconheceu que as populações locais podem ajudar a proteger ambientes naturais, bem como o seu direito de participar na definição da escritura (ou plano espacial) de novos parques. Este artigo analisa a criação e a aceitação local do Parque Nacional de Calanques, um parque periurbano e o primeiro de uma nova geração de parques na França continental. A nossa abordagem baseia-se no quadro analítico do esforço ambiental. Usando um corpus qualitativo de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta, exploramos três eixos analíticos. Começamos por analisar o processo de consulta realizado durante a criação do parque. Isto aponta as desigualdades de acesso à esfera pública e ressalta que apenas algumas organizações de usuários dotadas de recursos realmente ajudaram a definir o "bom uso" de Calanques, o que se tornou uma referência na Escritura do ...

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La décision par consensus apparent. Nature et propriétés1

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post‐Maastricht Era

The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post‐Maastricht Era

La dynamique des relations de confiance et d’autorité au sein de la démocratie dite « participative » et « délibérative »

Are National Parks Inherently Unequal? The 2006 French Park Reform and its Initial Implementation in Mainland France

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