“…While cybernetic systems (Malmi & Brown, ) that preside over the paradoxical relationship between medicine, management, and control have limited convergence with physicians' professional norms such as autonomy and freedom of prescription (Berard, ), many physicians were able to preserve stability of the system by internalizing some NPM tools. They turned them into constructive compromise (Oldenhof, Postma, & Putters, ) and capitalized on quality management programs such as the patient medical file to negotiate supplementary funding and reorient investment in research, though that use was not originally intended by policy makers (Gomez et al, ). This gives further credence to Buffat's “enablement thesis” (i.e., frontline workers are able to use technologies to obtain additional action resources) and proves that accountability can serve the accountor's interest (Karsten, ).…”