L'interventionnisme environnemental,une stratégie néolibérale

Abstract

Résumé Cet article se concentre sur l’analyse que Michel Foucault mène dans Naissance de labiopolitique de l’homme économique néolibéral qui, à la différence de l’homo oeconomicus du libéralisme classique – atome intangible de liberté –, devient un homme maniable et « éminemment gouvernable », dont on peut modifier le comportement économique à travers une action sur son environnement. Aux yeux de Michel Foucault, la gouvernementalité néolibérale serait caractérisée par la coexistence indépassable d’une affirmation d’autonomie des marchés et de stratégies massives d’intervention (en termes d’imposition de modalités de subjectivation par aménagement d’un « milieu ») sur le champ social.

Collaborative Tourism: An Analysis of Motivation and Satisfaction in World Heritage Cities. The Case of Córdoba

“…For this author, people travel to meet new people, new places and to live new experiences (Meng et al, 2008). There seems to be a coincidence (Bellotti et al, 2015;Razli et al, 2016;Paulauskaite et al, 2017) in the fact that the motivations vary according to the type of tourist. Paulauskaite et al (2017) raises the possibility that the new sharing economy, and, particularly, the peer-to-peer (p2p) or collaborative accommodations, attracts more extroverted people predisposed to integrate with the local culture than users of traditional tourist accommodation services.…”

“…Many theories have been developed about this term, such as Maslow's Pyramid, the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Theory of Self-Determination or the Theory of Social Exchange (Bellotti et al, 2015). Other authors consider that the main driver of human behavior is self-interest and, therefore, their actions, based on rational behavior, will seek the maximum benefit or utility at the minimum level of costs (Olson, 1965;Hardin, 2009;Rapoport et al, 2009). Meng et al (2008) considers that motivations can change depending on the type of tourist and defines it as the result of internal needs to leave the usual environment ("push factors") in combination with the external factors that attract tourists to certain destinations ("pull factors").…”

“…He established four distinct groups: those who travel in large organized groups; those who travel individually but hire an organized trip; those who organize their own trip, far from the traditional circuits; and, finally, those who avoid any connection with the usual tourist industry and travel without a fixed itinerary or without being subjected to schedules of any kind. Cohen (1972) stated that those of the last two groups valued novelty over familiarity and are the most susceptible to immerse in local culture, which is one of the most cited motivation factors in academic literature (Meng et al, 2008;Bellotti et al, 2015;Forno et al, 2015;Hawlitschek et al, 2016;Razli et al, 2016;Tussyadiah, 2016;Jung et al, 2017;Paulauskaite et al, 2017).…”

“…Considering sharing economy, the main motivations analyzed were economic and social benefits, fun, sustainability, comfort and location (Tussyadiah, 2016). Other authors add searching for new experiences and following recommendations from others (Razli et al, 2016), and even qualify the character of authenticity in the search for new experiences (Paulauskaite et al, 2017). In fact, a new "experience economy" (Forno et al, 2015;Guttentag, 2015;Tussyadiah, 2016) where authenticity is a key factor is being considered.…”

La gubernamentalidad como poder a distancia: Foucault y la crisis de las disciplinas

“…Encontramos dos buenos ejemplos en la esfera del trabajo, con la figura del emprendedor o empresario de sí mismo, y en la de las políticas sociales, con el desmantelamiento de las medidas asistenciales características del Estado social de Bienestar en favor de dispositivos de cobertura individual de los riesgos (cfr.Dardot y Laval, 2009, 314). 5 Sobre esta cuestión, remitimos al lector al trabajo deTaylan (2013).…”