L'evento del Vajont nei suoi aspetti geodinamici

Caloi, P.

doi:10.4401/ag-5037

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Landslide volume [m 3 ] 270-300 • 10 6 (Selli and Trevisan, 1964;Ciabatti, 1964;Viparelli and Merla, 1968;Datei, 1969) Landslide duration [s] 20-25 (Caloi, 1966), 30-45 (Muller, 1964, 45 (Selli and Trevisan, 1964;Ciabatti, 1964) Landslide velocity [m/s] 15-20 (Selli and Trevisan, 1964;Ciabatti, 1964;Nonveiller, 1987), 20-30 (Muller, 1964Voight and Faust, 1982;Hendron and Patton, 1985) Water runup [m] 200-250 (Viparelli and Merla, 1968) Water flow [m 3 /s] about 100 • 10 3 (Viparelli and Merla, 1968) Flooded volume [m 3 ] about 25 • 10 6 (Selli and Trevisan, 1964;Viparelli and Merla, 1968) multi-hazard event dynamics. The crest of the dam has an altitude of about 725m a.s.l.…”

Section: Magnitude Value and Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

3D simulation of Vajont disaster. Part 1: Numerical formulation and validation

Franci

Cremonesi

Perego

et al. 2020

Engineering Geology

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Section: Magnitude Value and Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

3D simulation of Vajont disaster. Part 1: Numerical formulation and validation

Franci

Cremonesi

Perego

et al. 2020

Engineering Geology

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“…Many of the geological factors that predisposed the slope to failure were either not known or not understood prior to the 1963 landslide despite the unusual fact of some relevant data having been obtained during the preceding four years. Alongside the geological fieldwork undertaken by E. Semenza and Guidici, seismic surveys by Prof. P. Caloi found solid, apparently 'in situ rock' in November 1959 but (including some new traverses) 'heavily fractured, loose rock' to significant depth in December 1960 (Caloi 1966;Belloni and Stefani 1992). Between Caloi's surveys, a network of survey markers were installed on the lower western slope from which measurements of ground movements began in May 1960, with more markers being added higher up the slopes later and measurements continuing until the final failure.…”

Section: Management Responses To Landslide Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazards from lakes and reservoirs: new interpretation of the Vaiont disaster

Dykes

Bromhead

2022

J. Mt. Sci.

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Hazards in reservoirs and lakes arising from subaerial landslides causing impact waves (or ‘lake tsunamis’) are now well known, with several recent examples having been investigated in detail. The potential scale of such hazards was not widely known at the time of the Vaiont dam project in the 1950s and early 1960s, although a small wave triggered by a landslide at another new reservoir nearby in the Dolomites (northern Italy) drew the possible hazard to the attention of the Vaiont project’s managers. The Vaiont disaster in 1963 arose from a combination of disparate and seemingly unrelated factors and circumstances that led to an occurrence that could not have been imagined at that time. The ultimate cause was a very large landslide moving very rapidly into a reservoir and displacing the water. The resulting wave overtopped the dam to a height of around 175 m and around 2000 people were killed. This paper identifies and examines all of the issues surrounding the Vaiont dam and landslide in order to identify causal factors, contributory factors (including aggravating factors) and underlying factors. In doing so, it demonstrates that the disaster arose from the Vaiont dam project and cannot be attributed simply to the landslide. Underlying geological factors gave rise to the high speed of the landslide, which would have occurred anyway at some time. However, without the contributory factors that account for the presence of the reservoir, i.e. the choice of location for the project and management of the project with respect to a possible landslide hazard, there would have been no disaster. Indeed, the disaster could have been avoided if the reservoir could have been emptied pending further ground investigations. Understanding of this case provides many lessons for future dam projects in mountainous locations but also highlights an ongoing and perhaps under-appreciated risk from similar events involving other water bodies including geologically recent lakes formed behind natural landslide dams.

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“…Post‐failure simulations indicate that the strength of the Vajont landslide must have dropped to an extremely low value (Alonso & Pinyol, 2010; Crosta et al., 2016). Otherwise, the reported velocity of around 25–30 m/s (Caloi, 1966; Müller, 1964) could not have been reached. This drop in shear strength is commonly attributed to frictional heating on the sliding surface leading to the generation of excess pore water pressure (Hendron & Patton, 1987; Romero & Molina, 1974; Vardoulakis, 2002; Voight & Faust, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rate, Water Pressure, and Temperature Effects in Landslide Shear Zones

Kohler,

Hottiger,

Puzrin

2023

JGR Earth Surface

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The behaviour of slow‐moving landslides is controlled by the residual strength of the shear zone. Despite their mobile state, such slides can often withstand extreme events like heavy rainfalls and earthquakes. A rate‐hardening in the shear zone is suspected to be one of the main stabilizing factors and has been well investigated, in particular for clayey soils. Soils from steep alpine landslides, on the other hand, are often dominated by silts and sands with various clay content, and while understanding of their rate dependency is less advanced, it remains critical for the reliable risk assessment. In this article, an improved ring shear apparatus is presented and applied to investigate rate, pore water pressure and temperature effects in landslide shear zones. The testing program on samples from two alpine landslides in Switzerland reveals a moderately positive rate effect explaining their mobile state. An achieved insight into the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical processes of fast shearing provides physical evidence to the widely debated hypothesis on generation of excess pore water pressure due to frictional heating. However, for the tested materials this effect only occurs after extended shearing and does not lead to a complete loss of shear strength. Based on that and the observed positive rate effects, catastrophic failure seems unlikely for these landslides. At the same time, the results suggest that for less permeable soils, frictional heating may indeed be a source of negative rate effect during very rapid shearing.

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L'evento del Vajont nei suoi aspetti geodinamici

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

3D simulation of Vajont disaster. Part 1: Numerical formulation and validation

3D simulation of Vajont disaster. Part 1: Numerical formulation and validation

Hazards from lakes and reservoirs: new interpretation of the Vaiont disaster

Rate, Water Pressure, and Temperature Effects in Landslide Shear Zones

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