L-arginine biosensors: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Arginine has been considered as the most potent nutraceutics discovered ever, due to its powerful healing property, and it's been known to scientists as the Miracle Molecule. Arginine detection in fermented food products is necessary because, high level of arginine in foods forms ethyl carbamate (EC) during the fermentation process. Therefore, L-arginine detection in fermented food products is very important as a control measure for quality of fermented foods, food supplements and beverages including wine. In clinical analysis arginine detection is important due to their enormous inherent versatility in various metabolic pathways, topmost in the synthesis of Nitric oxide (NO) and tumor growth. A number of methods are being used for arginine detection, but biosensors technique holds prime position due to rapid response, high sensitivity and high specificity. However, there are many problems still to be addressed, including selectivity, real time analysis and interference of urea presence in the sample. In the present review we aim to emphasize the significant role of arginine in human physiology and foods. A small attempt has been made to discuss the various techniques used for development of arginine biosensor and how these techniques affect their performance. The choice of transducers for arginine biosensor ranges from optical, pH sensing, ammonia gas sensing, ammonium ion-selective, conductometric and amperometric electrodes because ammonia is formed as a final product.

Development of a Protein Scaffold for Arginine Sensing Generated through the Dissection of the Arginine-Binding Protein from Thermotoga maritima

“…In biomedical sciences, the role of this aminoacid goes well beyond its contribution to the building of proteins. Indeed, arginine dysregulations underlie several pathological states [ 24 ]. The absence in melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthase makes the production of arginine unfeasible [ 25 ].…”

“…In this scenario, it is not surprising that a repertoire of different methods for arginine detection have been developed [ 30 , 31 ]. As insightfully reviewed by Verma et al [ 24 ], these methods, which have been developed in a variety of instrumental conditions, exploit enzymatic essays as well as whole cell and tissue-based tools. Although natural proteins often lack some key requisites, such as specificity and stability, to be used as biosensors there is a growing interest in developing protein-based biosensors.…”

Prospects for Using the Natural Antioxidant Compounds in the Obesity Treatment

“…Determination of arginine content in blood serum was carried out using a photometric method based on the reaction with α-naphthol and hypobromite reagent. The citrulline content was determined by reaction with diacetyl monoxime in strongly acidic conditions [32]. The content of nitrites and nitrates in blood serum was determined by spectrophotometric method using Griess test.…”

Intracellular arginine-dependent translation sensor reveals the dynamics of arginine starvation response and resistance in ASS1-negative cells

“…Many methods have been developed to measure biological arginine concentrations [ 17 ]. While these assays can be useful, they are often expensive and difficult to use, and most are aimed toward food and medical systems [ 17 ].…”

“…Many methods have been developed to measure biological arginine concentrations [ 17 ]. While these assays can be useful, they are often expensive and difficult to use, and most are aimed toward food and medical systems [ 17 ]. Very few of the available methods measure intracellular concentrations in live cells, and most of these do not allow for real-time measurements [ 17 ].…”