Krill vs salps: dominance shift from krill to salps is associated with higher dissolved N:P ratios

Plum, Christoph; Hillebrand, Helmut; Moorthi, Stefanie

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62829-8

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…According to Troedsson et al [34], a lower pH would favor appendicularian fitness, and lead to an increase in their ecological importance. However, the increased ecological importance of these animals, along with progressive climate changes, would be in line with the general trend of the increasing importance of jellyfish organisms (e.g., tunicates and cnidarians) in all marine environments [32], including polar regions [65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: Environmental Factors Influencing the Zonal Distribution Of Appendicullariamentioning

confidence: 62%

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Appendicularians in the Drake Passage: Potential Indicators of Water Masses?

Kalarus

Panasiuk

2021

Diversity

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Appendicularians are one of the most common animals found within zooplankton assemblages. They play a very important role as filter feeders but are, unfortunately, inconsistently reported in the Antarctic literature. The present paper attempts to describe the zonal diversity of appendicularians and the main environmental factors influencing their communities in the Drake Passage. Samples were collected during Antarctic summer in 2009–2010. A total of eight species of larvaceans were identified. Fritillaria borealis was the species found in the highest numbers in almost the entire studied area, and was observed at all sampling stations. The distributions of other taxa were limited to specific hydrological zones and hydrological conditions. F. fraudax and Oikopleura gaussica were typical of the areas between the Polar Front and the Subantarctic Front zones, and their distributions were significantly correlated with temperature and salinity, likely making them good indicator species. The F. fusiformis distribution was strictly related to South American waters. In summary, temperature was the strongest environmental factor influencing the larvacean community structure in the Drake Passage, and we also found that testing environmental factors on larvaceans as a whole group did not give entirely reliable results.

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Section: Environmental Factors Influencing the Zonal Distribution Of Appendicullariamentioning

confidence: 62%

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Appendicularians in the Drake Passage: Potential Indicators of Water Masses?

Kalarus

Panasiuk

2021

Diversity

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“…While krill prefers filter-feeding on diatoms and smaller zooplankton (Smetacek et al, 2004), salps are non-selective filter-feeders (Henschke et al, 2016). This difference could substantially affect the modeled and real phytoplankton composition in the Southern Ocean and may have a direct impact on the use of macronutrients (Plum et al, 2020). Besides, microphagous feeding of salps might pack nanophytoplankton to larger particles and thus create food items for zooplankton (Iversen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Impact of Macrozooplankton on Carbon Export Production in the Southern Ocean

et al. 2021

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The biological carbon pump plays an essential role in the cycling of carbon in the oceans (Honjo, 2004;Volk & Hoffert, 1985). It is driven by a large variety of organisms that are part of a complex ecosystem. The export of organic carbon from the surface to deeper layers proceeds via several pathways including the formation of aggregates and fecal pellets that sink gravitationally, and the downwelling of dissolved compounds (Boyd et al., 2019;Steinberg & Landry, 2017). Marine carbon cycle models are used to assess carbon fluxes in the ocean ecosystems to gain a deeper understanding of the carbon cycle. However, the complexity of marine ecosystems and the processes relevant for carbon export cannot be fully reflected in these models (Laufkötter et al., 2016). For example, zooplankton is still represented by a single variable in many global ocean biogeochemical models (Séférian et al., 2020), despite the large diversity and traits of zooplankton. A handful of models represent three plankton functional types (PFTs) of zooplankton (Le Quéré et al., 2016;Stock et al., 2020).One of the zooplankton PFTs is macrozooplankton, defined as the size class of 2-20 cm, which reaches high biomass and shows a patchy distribution (Moriarty et al., 2013). Groups being classified as macrozooplankton

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“…Krill habitat is projected to continue to shift southwards due to ocean warming and changes in phytoplankton biomass (Veytia et al, 2020), and suitable spawning habitat will shrink by approximately 50% by the end of this century (Pin ˜ones and Fedorov, 2016). A shift in dominance from krill to salps in some regions has been correlated with higher concentrations in nitrogen and phosphorus and higher N: P ratios, indicating consequences for nutrient dynamics in the ocean (Plum et al, 2020).…”

Section: Southern Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services

Steiner

Bowman

Campbell

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked ecosystem services highlights that the sea-ice ecosystem supports all 4 ecosystem service categories, that sea-ice ecosystems meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, that global emissions driving climate change are directly linked to the demise of sea-ice ecosystems and its ecosystem services, and that the sea-ice ecosystem deserves specific attention in the evaluation of marine protected area planning. The synthesis outlines (1) supporting services, provided in form of habitat, including feeding grounds and nurseries for microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds and mammals (particularly the key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, and Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which are tightly linked to the sea-ice ecosystem and transfer carbon from sea-ice primary producers to higher trophic level fish, mammal species and humans); (2) provisioning services through harvesting and medicinal and genetic resources; (3) cultural services through Indigenous and local knowledge systems, cultural identity and spirituality, and via cultural activities, tourism and research; (4) (climate) regulating services through light regulation, the production of biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation and the release or uptake of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide. The ongoing changes in the polar regions have strong impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services. While the response of sea-ice–associated primary production to environmental change is regionally variable, the effect on ice-associated mammals and birds is predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human harvesting and cultural services in both polar regions. Conservation can help protect some species and functions. However, the key mitigation measure that can slow the transition to a strictly seasonal ice cover in the Arctic Ocean, reduce the overall loss of sea-ice habitats from the ocean, and thus preserve the unique ecosystem services provided by sea ice and their contributions to human well-being is a reduction in carbon emissions.

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Krill vs salps: dominance shift from krill to salps is associated with higher dissolved N:P ratios

Cited by 25 publications

References 70 publications

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Appendicularians in the Drake Passage: Potential Indicators of Water Masses?

Spatial Distribution Patterns of Appendicularians in the Drake Passage: Potential Indicators of Water Masses?

Modeling the Impact of Macrozooplankton on Carbon Export Production in the Southern Ocean

Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services

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