“…By now, international prison research deems prison climate to be an important, if not the key, parameter of prison life. A positive social environment is not only thought to raise the probability of successful treatment efforts, it also reduces violence (Neubacher, 2020; van der Laan and Eichelsheim, 2013) and re-offending (Auty and Liebling, 2020) by reducing strain (Listwan et al, 2013), strengthening desistance beliefs (McCarthy and Brunton-Smith, 2018), and improving the well-being of prisoners and staff (Guéridon and Suhling, 2018).…”