Kinetics of Chloroguaiacols and Other Chlorinated Phenolic Derivatives in Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

Abstract

Chlorinated phenolic derivatives are important chemical constituents that are present in pulp and paper mill effluents. Subadult rainbow trout (Sulmo guirdneri) were exposed to six dichloroto terachloroguaiacols, two chlorinated vanillins and trichlorosyringol through waterborne and dietary exposure. Equilibrium concentrations were attained within 2 d in waterborne exposed fish, and bioconcentration factor (BCF) values ranged from 1 to 270 among the guaiacols, less than 5 for the chlorovanillins and 125 for trichlorosyringol. Dietary exposure indicated these chemicals are poorly absorbed and have half-lives of less than several days. The kinetics of these chemicals are consistent with residue levels reported in fish collected from waters receiving mill effluents where waterborne uptake appears to be the primary mode for accumulation.

Response of hepatic mfo activity and plasma sex steroids to secondary treatment of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent and mill shutdown

“…Opperhuizen and Sijm [36] suggest that di-, tri-, and non-2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs are rapidly cleared by fish after waterborne or dietary exposures. Similar rapid clearance rates have been reported for chlorophenols, chloroguaiacols [37], and resin acids (A.J. Niimi, unpublished data) although these compounds have not been associated with EROD induction.…”

Chronic hazard assessment

“…One striking result was obtained by the application of this test: The neutral chlorinated veratrole metabolites induced an effect that has not been observed with their phenolic precursors. The larvae were curved and the notochord seriously de-formed with evidence of hemolysis (58), and the concentrations required to induce these serious morphological defects were lower than those using the median survival time as an end-point. Although skeletal deformation had already been observed after exposure of fish to structurally different neutral organic compounds (65)(66)(67), this was apparently the first time the compounds examined were microbial metabolites produced under plausible environmental conditions.…”

“…Chloroguaiacols are polar compounds with only low potential for concentration in biota (58). The Omethylated metabolites produced in the experiments discussed above were, however, neutral compounds and less rather than more polar than their precursors.…”