Chronic hazard assessment

Neilson, Alasdair H.; Allard, Ann Sofie; Hynning, Per Aake; Remberger, Mikael

doi:10.1021/es00055a003

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Chlorinated phenols, e.g. tetrachloro-and pentachlorophenol, are widely used as biocides [13] and are formed in the pulp mill bleaching process [14][15][16] and during the chlorination of water [17]. Chlorophenols are, moreover, metabolites of other anthropogenic precursors, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

et al. 1997

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SummaryHalogenated methoxybenzenes (halogenated anisoles) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) have been analyzed in marine air samples from the lower troposphere of the East Atlantic Ocean, taken on the German research vessel "Polarstern' during two cruises in 1993 and 1994, and in air samples from the North Pacific Ocean (1995). The high-volume sampling method, sample preparation and analysis by HRGC-ECD and HRGC-MSD-SIM are described. The effectiveness of a new graphitized-carboncovered silica sorbent (ANGI-Sorb B) for the sampling of semi-volatiles is demonstrated. Eight congeners of the halogenated anisoles and HCB were detected in almost all marine air samples. The concentrations of the chloroanisoles, which show a distinct north-south interhemispherical gradient, were between 0.2 and 145 pg m-3; for the bromoanisoles concentrations were between 0.2 and 42 pg m -3. Only a weak inter-hemispheric gradient was observed for HCB at levels of 10--40 pg m -3. Levels of HCB were approximately 100 pg m -3 in continentally influenced air. Biogenic and indirect anthropogenic sources of the halogenated anisoles are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

et al. 1997

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“…1 Due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment, some of the phenols have been included in the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) list of priority pollutants. 2 EU Directive 2455/ 2001/EC states that the total concentration of phenolic compounds should be below 0.5 ppb and their individual concentrations should not exceed 0.1 ppb in drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line SPE-HPLC Method using Alumina Filtering to Selectively Extract Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Water

Lee¹

2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A on-line SPE (solid phase extraction)-HPLC preconcentration method was developed for the determination of phenolic compounds at trace levels in environmental water sample. XAD-4 and Dowex 1-X8 were used as sorbent in the on-line SPE-HPLC method for the selective enrichment of nine phenolic compounds, which are included in the priority pollutants list of the US EPA. Also alumina prefiltering considerably reduced the amount of interfering peaks due to humic substances that could accumulated due to the preconcentration step and prevent quantification of polar phenolic compounds in environmental water samples. This method was used to determine the phenolic compounds in tap and river water and superiority to the US EPA 625 method in its enrichment factor, pretreatment time, recoveries, and detection limit. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.3 -0.9 μg/L in tap water sample.

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“…The phenolic compounds in the water environment can arise from industrial activities, agricultural practices, and natural substance degradation. The occurrence of phenols as industrial pollutants in surface waters is quite common due to the release of by-products in the petrochemical industry, coal liquefaction plants, and production of plastic and dyes, as well as in the pulp industry [4]. In agricultural practice, phenolic compounds are employed as herbicides and insecticides or can derive from the degradation of chlorophenoxy carboxylic herbicides (chlorophenols) and organophosphorus insecticides (nitrophenols) [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of phenolic compounds in the marine environment of Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece

Dimou

Sakellarides

Vosniakos³

et al. 2006

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Chronic hazard assessment

Cited by 19 publications

References 49 publications

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

Analysis of halogenated methoxybenzenes and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the picogram m−3 range in marine air

On-line SPE-HPLC Method using Alumina Filtering to Selectively Extract Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Water

Determination of phenolic compounds in the marine environment of Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece

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