Kinetics and mechanism of liquid-phase alkylation of 3-methylthiophene with 2-methyl-2-butene over a solid phosphoric acid

Gasoline desulfurization by catalytic alkylation over silica-supported heteropolyacids: From model reaction to real feed conversion

“…SPA-11 (11 wt.% of phosphorus) was synthesized as indicated in literature [5] by a conventional impregnation technique using H 3 PO 4 solution on silica (Grace Davison 432, 320 m 2 /g) and activated under air stream at 573 K (10 K/min). The USY zeolite (silica/alumina: 10.7) was provided by Tosoh Co., and used after calcination under air flow at 673 K (1 K/min) for 4 h. MCM-22 zeolite was prepared as previously reported [15] and activated under air stream until 853 K (1 K/ min).…”

“…It can be seen that silica-supported heteropolyacids are the most active catalysts. The H-Beta sample presents the highest activity among the considered zeolitic materials, therefore the 40HPW and 40HSiW catalysts are respectively 4 and 27 times more active than USY and SPA-11 materials which have been previously shortlisted as the more promising catalysts [4,5].…”

“…Two catalysts have shown moderate activity: USY zeolite and silica-supported phosphoric acid (SPA-11), the latter showing lower activity but better stability [4,5].…”

Alkylation of Thiophenic Compounds with Olefins and its Kinetics over MCM-41 Supported Phosphoric Acid in FCC Gasoline

“…[10][11][12][13], supported phosphoric acids [14,15], and supported heterogeneous acids [16,17]. However, most of the studies were carried out in a simulated gasoline system and the catalytic performances in real gasoline were not investigated.…”

“…Previous work generated some controversies regarding the intrinsic kinetics studies for the alkylation mechanism of 3MT and 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B) over a USY zeolite [10] and SPA [15]. The alkylation of 3MT with 2M2B followed a Langmuir-Hinselwood (LH) model over the USY zeolite, but an Eley-Rideal (ER) model over the SPA.…”