Alkylation of Thiophenic Compounds with Olefins and its Kinetics over MCM-41 Supported Phosphoric Acid in FCC Gasoline

Abstract

The alkylation of thiophenic compounds with olefins in real fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline was carried out over three kinds of acidic catalysts: HY zeolite, phosphoric acid supported on both kieselguhr and purely siliceous MCM-41 zeolite. The results showed that the MCM-41 supported phosphoric acid catalyst was the most promising to be utilized in the reaction in terms of its activity and stability. Based on its excellent catalytic performance, apparent kinetic models for alkylation of the major thiophenic sulfides were proposed, thus allowing use of the simulation in reaction distillation (RD) technology. Furthermore, numerical regression led to kinetic parameters with narrow spans, suggesting that the proposed models satisfactorily simulate the sulfides removal under the suggested reaction conditions.

Synergistic Catalysis of Thermoregulated Ionic Liquid/p-Toluenesulfonic Acid for Alkylation Desulfurization of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline

“…The linear relationship between 1/ T and ln k is shown in Figure . According to Table , in the OATS process, the optimal reaction temperature of 10% TRIL–PTSA was relatively low, and the apparent activation energy was 47.6 kJ/mol, which was lower than others published, and it was beneficial to the reaction. ,, where E a : apparent activation energy, R : molar gas constant, 8.3144 J/(mol·K), k : reaction rate constant, and A : pre-exponential factor.…”

Catalysis in Multifunctional Reactors

“…By adjusting operating conditions in RD column, one can reduce olefin oligomerization, which helps increase the selectivity for the alkylated product [56]. The catalysts used in this reactor include: zeolites (Naβ [57], HY [58][59][60], HMCM-22 [59,61], MCM-41 [62,63], HBEA [59] In addition to acid catalyzed reactions, there is a large range of other reactions such as hydrogenation, chlorinations etc., which can benefit by RD configuration [2].…”

1. Catalysis in Multifunctional Reactors

“…By adjusting operating conditions in RD column, one can reduce olefin oligomerization, which helps increase the selectivity for the alkylated product [56]. The catalysts used in this reactor include: zeolites (Naβ [57], HY [58][59][60], HMCM-22 [59,61], MCM-41 [62,63], HBEA [59]), sulfonic resins (NKC-9 [56,64,65], Amberlyst-35 [65--67]), solid phosphoric acid [65], silica-supported H 3 PW 12 O 40 6H 2 O (HPW) [68], HPW on γ-Fe2O3 [69], HPW supported on MgF 2 [70] etc. Interestingly, reactive distillation can replace the two-step process with a single unit that combines reaction and distillative separation [56].…”