Kinematics and Injury Analysis of Front and Rear Child Pillion Passenger in Motorcycle Crash

Koetniyom, Saiprasit; Carmai, Julaluk; Kassim, Khairil Anwar Abu; Yaraghi, Ahmad

doi:10.15282/ijame.15.3.2018.9.0424

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The child pillion passenger was also included in the model because the accident data showed a significant number of child pillion passengers ( Figure A4) in motorcycle accidents. First the impact configuration was set to be the same as that in the experiment of Koetniyom et al (2018). The motorcycle was set to impact the car at 42.2 km/h.…”

Section: Multibody Motorcycle-car Collision Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of rider and child pillion passenger kinematics along with injury mechanisms during motorcycle crash

Carmai

Koetniyom

Hossain

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: Traffic fatalities among motorcycle users are intolerably high in Thailand. They account for 73% of the total number of road fatalities. Children are also among these victims. To improve countermeasures and design of protection equipment, understanding the biomechanics of motorcycle users under impact conditions is necessary. The objective of this work is to analyze the overall kinematics and injuries sustained by riders and child pillion passengers in various accident configurations. Methods: Motorcycle accident data were analyzed. Common accident scenarios and impact parameters were identified. Two numerical approaches were employed. The multibody model was validated with a motorcycle crash test and used to generate possible accident cases for various impact conditions specified to cover all common accident scenarios. Specific impact conditions were selected for detailed finite element analysis. The finite element simulations of motorcycle-tocar collisions were conducted to provide insight into kinematics and injury mechanisms. Results: Global kinematics found when the motorcycle's front wheel impacts a car (config-MC) highlighted the translation motion of both the rider and passenger toward the impact position. The rider's trunk impacted the handlebar and the head either impacted the car or missed. The hood constituted the highest head impact occurrence for this configuration. The child mostly impacted the rider's back. Different kinematics were found when car impacted the lateral side of the motorcycle (config-CM). Upper bodies of both rider and child were laterally projected toward the car front. The windshield constituted the highest proportion of head impacts. The hood and A-pillar recorded a moderate proportion. The rider in finite element simulations with config-MC experienced high rib stress, lung strain, and pressure beyond the injury limit. A high head injury criterion was observed when the head hit the car. However, the simulation with config-CM exhibited high lower extremities stress and lung pressure in both occupants. Hyperextension of the rider's neck was observed. The cumulative strain damage measure of the child's brain was higher than the threshold for diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Conclusions: This study revealed 2 kinematics patterns and injury mechanisms. Simulations with config-MC manifested a high risk of head and thorax injury to the rider but a low risk of severe injury to the child. Thorax injury to the rider due to handlebar impact was only found in simulations with config-MC. However, a high risk of skull, lower extremity, brain, and neck injuries were more pronounced for cases with config-CM. A high risk of DAI was also noticed for the child. In simulations with config-CM the child exhibited a higher risk of severe injury. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Multibody Motorcycle-car Collision Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of rider and child pillion passenger kinematics along with injury mechanisms during motorcycle crash

Carmai

Koetniyom

Hossain

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

Self Cite

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“…They accounted for 74% of traffic deaths as reported by the World Health Organization in 2018 [1]. Motorcycle accident analysis in Thailand has gained more interest from many researchers over the past 4 years [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] in order to suggest the development of countermeasures for reducing motorcycle crashes and fatalities [11,12]. Champahom et al [10] recently investigated factors affecting the severity of motorcycle accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Child pillion passengers were among the road accident victims. Koetniyom et al [2] performed motorcycle crash tests with a child pillion passenger behind and before the rider to study the kinematics of the rider and passenger. Their results revealed that the child sitting at the back of the rider had a higher risk of severe head injury, while the child sitting in front of the rider had a higher risk of thorax and neck injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their results revealed that the child sitting at the back of the rider had a higher risk of severe head injury, while the child sitting in front of the rider had a higher risk of thorax and neck injury. They recommended the child sitting behind the rider with a safety helmet and a child seat would be safer [2]. The most effective strategy for child head protection during impact is a helmet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of the Effect of Child Helmet Design Parameters on Head and Brain Injuries Using Reduced-Order Modelling

Prasartthong

Carmai

2022

Applied Sciences

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A helmet is the main protective equipment for a child pillion passenger. A safe helmet must be able to mitigate head and brain injuries resulting from high head impact loading. A lightweight helmet is preferable, especially for children. This paper proposed to study the effect of materials, liner thickness, and friction at the head–helmet interface on linear and rotational accelerations using reduced-order modelling. A child head–helmet finite element model was developed and validated against an experiment. Finite element simulations were conducted to generate training data for the establishment of reduced-order models which were subsequently used to predict the linear and rotational accelerations for various helmet parameters. The prediction could be performed in a very short time compared to its corresponding finite element simulation. The use of aluminium foam enhanced mitigation of the linear and rotational accelerations as well as weight reduction. This study also revealed that the head–helmet friction coefficient had a strong effect on the rotational acceleration, while the liner thickness predominantly affected the linear acceleration. However, the liner thickness had less influence on the rotational acceleration when the head–helmet friction was low. The risk of brain concussion as well as diffusional injury could be reduced by enabling low friction at head–helmet surface.

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Safety of child passengers who ride to school on a motorcycle: An observational study in two Argentine cities

et al. 2021

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Kinematics and Injury Analysis of Front and Rear Child Pillion Passenger in Motorcycle Crash

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Analysis of rider and child pillion passenger kinematics along with injury mechanisms during motorcycle crash

Analysis of rider and child pillion passenger kinematics along with injury mechanisms during motorcycle crash

Investigation of the Effect of Child Helmet Design Parameters on Head and Brain Injuries Using Reduced-Order Modelling

Safety of child passengers who ride to school on a motorcycle: An observational study in two Argentine cities

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