Kidney and Lung Injury in Irradiated Rats Protected from Acute Death by Partial-Body Shielding

Abstract

Ninety-six CD-1 male rats were exposed to gamma-ray doses (0-25 Gy) in increments of 5 Gy. One femur, the surgically exteriorized GI tract, and the oral cavity were shielded during irradiation to protect against acute mortality from injury to the hematopoietic system, small intestine, and oral cavity. In addition, the thoraxes of half of the animals from each dose group were shielded. At approximately monthly intervals from 2 to 10 months after irradiation the hematocrit, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and 51Cr-EDTA clearance were measured. During the study 20 thorax-shielded and 19 thorax-irradiated animals died. All rats whose thoraxes received 25 Gy irradiation and three out of seven rats whose thoraxes received 20 Gy died 1 to 3 months postirradiation with massive pleural fluid accumulation. Shielding the thoraxes prevented this mode of death at these doses. Kidney injury was judged to be the primary cause of death of all thorax-shielded animals and 15- and 20-Gy thorax-irradiated animals. Animals with kidney damage had elevated PUN and reduced 51Cr-EDTA clearance and hematocrits. The relative merits of each of these end points in assessing radiation-induced kidney injury after total-body exposure are discussed.

Efficacy of Neulasta or Neupogen on H-ARS and GI-ARS Mortality and Hematopoietic Recovery in Nonhuman Primates After 10-Gy Irradiation With 2.5% Bone Marrow Sparing

“…These conditions forecast the sparing of variable amounts of critical organ tissue that will define the severity of the ARS and DEARE. The sparing of BM, GI, lung, heart and/or kidney tissue, can have dramatic effects on the incidence, latency, severity, progression and resolution of organ-specific and organ-interactive sequelae (Ainsworth et al 1965;Cole et al 1967;Wise and Turbyfill 1968;Rauchwerger 1972;Monroy et al 1988;Mason et al 1989;Terry and Travis 1989;Geraci et al 1990;Guskova et al 1990;Geraci et al 1992;Liao et al 1995;Bertho et al 2005a;Novakova-Jiresova et al 2005;van Luijk et al 2007;Drouet et al 2008;Granton et al 2014;Boittin et al 2015). Non-uniform and/or heterogeneous exposure with or without medical management will change the organ-specific dose response relationships (DRR) for morbidity and mortality throughout the ARS and DEARE (Ainsworth et al 1965;Wise and Turbyfill 1968;Evans et al 1987;Baranov and Guskova 1990;Guskova et al 1990;Herodin et al 2007;MacVittie et al 2012a).…”

The curative effect of Bee Venom and Propolis on oxidative stress induced by γ-irradiation on blood and tissues of rats

“…These results came similar to previous investigations by Abou-Safi (1998). These increments could be considered as a reflection of deteriorating renal performance (Geraci et al, 1990) due to the ammonia formed by deamination of amino acids in the liver which converted to urea (Ganong et al, 1999) or to increased breakdown of nucleic acids (Osman and Hamza, 2013). Since irradiation may cause breaking of DNA molecules and destruction of their bases (the purines) which may be catabolized into uric acid (Ganong et al, 1999).…”

Ameliorative effect of ink extract and polysaccharide of Sepia officinalis on hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity and hematological disorders in adult male albino rats treated with cyclophosphamide

“…ROS are produced with high levels in CP-administered rats, and leading to injury in the balance between the oxidants and antioxidants of vital organs including kidneys and this mainly causes oxidative stress (Patel, 1987). As well as, this observed elevation in serum creatinine and urea in rats injected with CP, can be explained as a repercussion of worsening kidney function (Geraci et al, 1990) because of the formation of ammonia by the process of the deamination of amino acids throughout the hepatic cells, that is after that converted to urea (Osman and Hamza, 2013). The significant elevation in uric acid in CPtreated group in our current study may be due to fall in the rate of glomerular filtration and renal urate excretion.…”