Khat-Induced Paranoid Psychosis

Maitai, CK; Dhadphale, M

doi:10.1192/s0007125000218461

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The majority of publications related to this topic are case reports and letters (Dhadphale et al, 1981;Giannini & Castellani, 1982;Anonymous, 1984;Kalix, 1984b;Critchlow & Seifert, 1987;McLaren, 1987;Maitai & Dhadphale, 1988;Pantelis et al, 1989;Jager & Sireling, 1994;Yousef et al, 1995;Alem & Shibre, 1997;Mion et al, 1997). A number of these describes the psychic condition caused by khat as paranoid (Critchlow & Seifert, 1987;Maitai & Dhadphale, 1988;Pantelis et al, 1989;Jager & Sireling, 1994;Yousef et al, 1995). Schizophreniform (Anonymous, 1984) and manic-or hypomanic-like (Giannini & Castellani, 1982;Pantelis et al, 1989) psychoses were also reported.…”

Section: Medical and Psychological Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review

Al-Hebshi¹,

Skaug²

2005

Addiction Biology

193

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The habit of chewing fresh leaves and twigs of khat (Catha edulis) for their stimulating amphetamine-like effects is highly prevalent in East Africa and southwest on the Arabic peninsula. There is an extensive literature on khat providing information about its history, botany, production, geographical distribution, chemistry and pharmacology, and exploring the social, economic, medical, psychological and oral aspects related to its use. Some of this literature dates as early as the 11th century; however, most of it appeared after the first scientific description of khat by Peter Forskal in 1775. This review provides a panorama of khat and the various aspects of its use. A non-technical description of the plant chemistry and pharmacology is included. The medical, psychological and oral aspects are emphasized, and the current knowledge about the microbiological effects of khat is also presented.

show abstract

Section: Medical and Psychological Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review

Al-Hebshi¹,

Skaug²

2005

Addiction Biology

193

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Several case reports have associated 2 khat ingestion with the onset of paranoid psychosis (Critchlow and Seifert, 1987;Jager and Sireling, 1994;Maitai and Dhadphale, 1988;McLaren, 1987;Pantelis et al, 1989) or manic-like psychosis (Giannini and Castellani, 1982). Chronic khat chewing may as well lead to persistent hypnagogic hallucinations (Granek, Shalev, and Weingarten, 1988).…”

Section: Psychiatric Adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat Chewing from the Pharmacological Point of View: An Update

Graziani¹,

Milella²,

Nencini³

2008

Substance Use & Misuse

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Khat chewing is deeply rooted in the every day life of people living in the Horn of Africa and in South Arabia, where Catha edulis is endemic. Considered little more than an exotic habit producing just mild pharmacological effects, systematic investigations on its active principles have instead lead to the isolation and chemical characterization of cathinone, a compound structurally related to amphetamine. Three decades of intense experimental and clinical research on khat have depicted a consistently clear picture of its pharmacological and toxicological effects.

show abstract

“…There is extensive and contradictory literature pertaining to states of ‘khat-induced’ psychoses and schizophrenia-type disorders (Alexander et al., 2010; Hassan et al., 2007; Litman et al., 1986; Numan, 2004; Odenwald et al., 2005). The majority are case reports, which cannot demonstrate a causal relationship (Alem and Shibre, 1997; Anderson et al., 2007a; Critchlow and Seifert, 1987; Dhadphale et al., 1981; Giannini and Castellani, 1982; Gough et al, 1984; Jager and Sireling, 1994; Kalix, 1984; McLaren, 1987; Maitai and Dhadphale, 1988; Mion et al., 1997; Nielen et al., 2004; Odenwald, 2007; Pantelis et al., 1989; Stefan and Mathew, 2005; Warfa et al., 2007; Yousef et al., 1995). A systematic review of the literature suggested that the case report evidence was distorting the scientific debate and was not reflecting the population-based risk of psychosis among khat consumers (Warfa et al., 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Khat (Catha edulis): A systematic review of evidence and literature pertaining to its harms to UK users and society

Thomas¹,

Williams

2013

Drug Science, Policy and Law

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of khat (Catha edulis) has been associated with a large number of physiological and societal harms, leading to calls for it to be controlled in the UK. The evidence of these harms is often equivocal, limited by confounding factors, or entirely anecdotal: high-powered, quality-controlled studies are lacking. Regardless, the body of relevant literature indicates that the once socially-regulated use of khat has been eroded. Some individuals have developed excessive consumption patterns, either using khat daily or in binge-sessions, though daily consumption is not necessarily problematic per se. The majority of users seem to use khat in moderation, where the associated harms appear low. For excessive users, harms associated with khat are greater, particularly relating to mental health. Social harms also seem to be largely related to excessive khat use rather than khat use itself. Even in cases of excessive khat use, however, causal relationships between chewing and harms have not been described. More research is required to establish the role of khat in liver disease, coronary problems, cancers of the digestive tract and incidents of domestic violence. Studies should consider the likeliness that certain users are more vulnerable to developing patterns of excessive khat use due to an interwoven set of factors such as social health determinants and pre-and post-migration experiences.

show abstract

Khat-Induced Paranoid Psychosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review

Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review

Khat Chewing from the Pharmacological Point of View: An Update

Khat (Catha edulis): A systematic review of evidence and literature pertaining to its harms to UK users and society

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About