Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review

Al-Hebshi, Nezar N.; Skaug, Nils

doi:10.1080/13556210500353020

Cited by 193 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Moreover, khat is also reported as a risk factor for poor working memory 24-26, poor academic performance 27,28 , reduced productivity and increased daily financial expenditure 29 . Despite these harmful consequences, the cultivation and use of khat is on arise especially in Yemen, Arabian peninsula, East Africa, and Ethiopia in particular 30,31 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of khat chewing and its effect on academic performance in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Loha²,

Esaiyas³

2017

Afr H. Sci.

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Background: Khat use is a well-established public health problem in Yemen, Arabian Peninsula, and Ethiopia. Along with its large scale production, the magnitude of khat use is increasing among students. Objective: This study was intended to assess the prevalence, determinants, and effect of khat use on academic performance of high school students in Sidama Ethiopia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2015. We used a stratified sampling technique to draw a total of 1,577students. The data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to determine the prevalence, effects, and predictors of khat use. Result:The life time and current prevalence of khat use were 14.6% and 13%, respectively. Smoking cigarette (AOR=5.1, 95% C.I: 2.3-14.3), drinking alcohol (AOR=3.0, 95% C.I: 1.4-6.3), having a family growing khat (AOR=2.0, 95% C.I: 1.1-2.5), having friend chewing khat (AOR=3. 95% C.I: 2.0-4.6), were some of factors that increased the odds of students' khat use. Student's khat use increased the odds of student's poor academic performance (AOR=2.1, 95% C.I: 1.1-3.9). Conclusion:The prevalence of khat use in high khat producing districts of Sidama and its contribution to poor academic performance demand prompt intervention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of khat chewing and its effect on academic performance in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia

Kassa¹,

Loha²,

Esaiyas³

2017

Afr H. Sci.

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“…The khat plant is known by a variety of names, such as qat in Yemen, chat in Ethiopia, jaad in Somalia and miraa in Kenya and Tanzania. Other names are marungi, catha, cat, gaad, African salad, tohai, bushman's tea, and flower of paradise; in most western literature it is referred to as khat (Baasher, 1980;Al-Hebshi & Skaug, 2005;Elmi, 1983;National Drug Intelligence Center, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, studies have also reported a strong association between khat chewing habit and high educafigure 1. Young khat shrub tional level (Alem, Kebede & Kullgren, 2007;Al-Hebshi, & Skaug, 2005). Many studies (Ihunwo, Kayanja & Amadi-Ihunwo, 2004;Ayana, Sherief & Tekli, 2002;Zein, 1983) have reported the use of khat by college and university students and proposed that the reasons for chewing by students are to get mental alertness, to work hard in their academic endeavors and to get good grades, though not all studies agree with these reasons (Mekonnen, Makonnen & Gebre-Tsadik, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

Khat (Catha edulis): academic, health and psychosocial efects on “mature” students

Lamina¹,

Babu²

2010

ajdas

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The leaves of the plant khat (Catha edulis) are commonly chewed in certain countries of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Chewing of khat leaves has a deep-rooted religious and sociocultural tradition and has a peculiarity of certain influences on the physical, physiological and psychosocial well-being of those involved in the habit of chewing the leaves. The objective of this study was to investigate psychosocial, academic and health implications and reasons for students' involvement in khat chewing habit. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 22 years and above was studied; Five hundred and twenty eight subjects participated. They were summer school students of Jimma University, Ethiopia. A self structured questionnaire was used in data collection on the socio-demographic, academic, economic and health effects of khat. Results clearly indicated that males dominated in chewing khat (63.52%); 54.9% of khat chewers were Muslims; 46.3% of the students reported focus and concentration on their studies as the reason for chewing khat. Insomnia was the major health problem indicated by 50% of the students; while 71% of the study participants reported being more sociable following khat chewing. Self acclaimed positive academic achievements were reported by 89% of the participants but there were no reported significant effects on objective academic results. It was concluded that to gain concentration and focus was the main reason for students' khat chewing habit. However, there was no evidence of subjective academic achievement.

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“…Chez 5 volontaires sains mâchant pour la première fois 60 grammes de khat frais, le pic plasmatique est atteint en 1,5 à 3,5 heures [23]. La concentration sanguine en cathinone se situe alors entre 40 et 140 ng/mL.…”

Section: Pharmacologieunclassified

La toxicité du khat impose-t-elle une modification de la réglementation de son usage en Europe?

et al. 2012

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Résumé -Objectif : La consommation de khat (Catha edulis Forsk) est une pratique largement répandue dans les populations de l'est de l'Afrique. En Europe, elle concerne les migrants de première génération et leurs descendants. Le khat ne fait pas l'objet de contrôle au titre des conventions de l'ONU, lesquelles s'appuient sur une recommandation de l'OMS. Cependant, les États demeurent libres de réglementer le khat dans le cadre de leur législation nationale ; c'est le cas de la France et de certains pays européens. Cette discordance entre les réglementations interroge sur la dangerosité réelle ou supposée de cette plante. Méthodes : Nous avons utilisé le moteur de recherche bibliographique PubMed pour identifier les publications pertinentes relatives à sa toxicité. Résultats : L'usage chronique de khat est associé à des altérations de la régulation de la pression artérielle, et à une augmentation du risque d'infarctus du myocarde. Comme le cannabis, le khat peut être impliqué dans la survenue de troubles psychotiques. Le risque addictif n'est pas exclu. Chez l'animal, plusieurs études suggèrent que l'usage de khat favorise l'agressivité. Le caractère cancérogène n'est pas établi même si la génotoxicité est suspectée in vivo. Conclusion : Le risque de complications cardio-vasculaires et psychiatriques de l'usage régulier de khat, son caractère potentiellement cancérogène et la parenté chimique de la cathinone avec l'amphétamine sont autant d'arguments pour justifier l'inscription du khat sur la liste des stupéfiants réglementés. Mots clés : Khat, stupéfiant, réglementationAbstract -Objectives: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) consumption is a widespread practice in populations of Eastern Africa. In Europe, it concerns the first-generation migrants and their descendants. Khat is not subject to control under UN conventions, which are based on a WHO recommendation. However, states remain free to regulate khat within the framework of their national legislation, such as in France and some European countries. This discordance among regulations questions the real or supposed dangerousness of this plant. Methods: We used the search engine of the bibliographic database PubMed, in order to identify the relevant publications on khat's toxicity. Results: Chronic use of khat is associated with deteriorations in the regulation of blood pressure, and an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Like cannabis, khat can be involved in the onset of psychotic disorders. The risk of addiction is not excluded. In animals, several studies suggest that khat use encourages aggressiveness. The carcinogenic nature has not been established, although genotoxicity is suspected in vivo. Conclusions: The risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric complications due to frequent use of khat, its potentially carcinogenic nature, and the chemical relationship of cathinone with amphetamine justify the inscription of khat in the list of controlled narcotics.

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Khat (Catha edulis)—an updated review

Cited by 193 publications

References 77 publications

Prevalence of khat chewing and its effect on academic performance in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia

Prevalence of khat chewing and its effect on academic performance in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia

Khat (Catha edulis): academic, health and psychosocial efects on “mature” students

La toxicité du khat impose-t-elle une modification de la réglementation de son usage en Europe?

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