Prevalence of khat chewing and its effect on academic performance in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia

Kassa, Andargachew; Loha, Eskindir; Esaiyas, Atkilt

doi:10.4314/ahs.v17i1.22

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In addition, khat chewers are prone to poor appetite and resulted in malnutrition. Khat chewing is also a growing concern among Ethiopian universities [39] associated with low academic performance in Ethiopian students [40][41][42]. Khat chewing contributes to the high burden of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disorders [43,44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults 15–59 years in Ethiopia, 2016: a multi-level analysis from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

et al. 2020

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Background: Regular khat chewing causes gingivitis, tooth loss, gastric disorders, cardiac complications, male impotence, sleeplessness, and several mental health problems. Based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016, 12% of women and 27% of men have reported having ever chewed khat. Even though khat addiction is a major public health problem, studies that consider both individual level and community level factors are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults in Ethiopia. Methods: Data from EDHS, a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 18, 2016, to June 27, 2016, was used. A multistage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select participants. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were done. Bi-variable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors affecting current khat chewing. Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for variables with P-value < 0.05 was used as a measure of association.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults 15–59 years in Ethiopia, 2016: a multi-level analysis from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, being male, having chewer friend(s), believing that chewing khat will boost performance, drinking alcohol, and having a family that cultivates khat were found to considerably increase the chewing practice [34,[38][39][40].…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for khat use among youth students in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Khat use is a widely spreading public health problem affecting the most economically productive population areas in Ethiopia. Khat use among students has been linked with mental, physical, social, and psychological problems. Reliable prevalence has not been recognized because of varying published rates. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to synthesize evidence on the prevalence and potential risk factors of khat use in Ethiopia. Methods:We found 284 studies of which 266 were removed due to duplication, irrelevant topics, and other reasons, respectively. All studies conducted in Ethiopia on khat chewing among students irrespective of time frame were included. Subsequently, 18 studies were used for synthesis of prevalence. Figures were extracted from published reports, and any lost information was requested from investigators. The quality of the included literature was evaluated by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Prevalence was pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. The presence of association was declared using P-values and an odds ratio with a corresponding 95% CI.

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“…For example, unlike our our systematic review and meta-analysis, the previous meta-analysis not only based on primary studies done only among university students, but also did not specify whether khat consumption was the estimate of a lifetime or current prevalence. In general, the results of this study highlighted that signi cant proportion of students currently chew khat are at increased risks of poor academic performance [67], sleeping disorders [68,69], HIV and poor physical health [70], risky sexual behavior [71] and gastrointestinal disorders [69,72,73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Current Substances Use Among Students in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 20-years Evidence

Roba

Gebremichael

Adem

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The use of psychoactive substances is the main cause of morbidity and becomes important public health and socio-economic issue worldwide. However, there is a lack of evidence on the magnitude of current use substances among students in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to provide comprehensive views of the current prevalence of substance use among students in Ethiopia.Methods: Literature searches were done from electronic biomedical databases; PubMed/Medline, HINARI, AJOL, Google Scholar, Science Direct and manully seared master thesis and dissertation done until 31/12/2019. Two authors autonomously selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of studies. The prevalence of current substances with 95% confidence interval (95%) estimated using the random-effects model. The results were displayed using forest plots, and Cochrane Q-test and I2 use to measure the extents of between-study variations.Results: A total of 1543 study articles were identified from electronic databases, and 32 of them were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of current use of at least one substance was 37.63% (95% CI: 33.66, 41.69; I2=91.2%, P<0.00), alcohol 27.61% (95%CI: 22.10, 33.48; I2=98.08%, P<0.00), khat 17.20% (95%CI: 14.03, 20.62; I2=97.2%, p<0.00) and smoking 9.74% (95%CI: 7.17, 12.64; I2=95.06%, P<0.00). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of any substance by high school students versus university/college students was 41.55% (95% CI: 38.83, 44.29) vs 36.24% (95% CI: 32.37, 40.20), alcohol 24.21% (95% CI: 14.05, 36.11) vs 25.27% (95% CI: 19.76, 31.20), khat 13.82% (95% CI: 8.61, 20.02) vs 17.30% (95%CI:13.75, 21.16), and cigarette 8.30% (95% CI: 1.89, 18.60) vs 9.80% (95% CI: 7.32, 12.58). Meta-regression analysis revealed publication year, sample size, female proportion, and age was not significantly associated with the current use of substances.Conclusion: The prevalence of the current use of substances was high and highlights the extent the problem among students in Ethiopia. Overall currrent substance use was high for all substances use categories; any substance, alcohol, chewing khat and smoking cigarettes. Comparable to university/college students a significant propoartion of high school students were already using susbstances before joining teritiary education. Caution is needed while interpreting the findings due to significant heterogeneity between studies. Policymakers should formulate and implement strictly binding regulations to control the pervasive use of substances around educational institution sites at the national level. Protocol registration: The protocol has been registered on 19 Auguest 2019 on PROSPERO (the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) with ID: CDR42019130560.

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Prevalence of khat chewing and its effect on academic performance in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults 15–59 years in Ethiopia, 2016: a multi-level analysis from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

Factors affecting current khat chewing among male adults 15–59 years in Ethiopia, 2016: a multi-level analysis from Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

Prevalence and risk factors for khat use among youth students in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2018

Current Substances Use Among Students in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 20-years Evidence

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