Key research areas for vegetable crops in Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) (monitoring, immunity, resistance sources)

Енгалычева, И. А.; Козарь, Е. Г.

doi:10.32634/0869-8155-2019-326-3-79-85

Cited by 3 publications

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“…На основе иммунологической, молекулярно-генетической, морфофизиологической оценки коллекционного и селекционного материала овощных культур в условиях искусственного заражения, провокационного и естественного инфекционного фонов выделены источники резистентности основных овощных культур к экономически значимым болезням: капусты -к киле [54], свеклы столовой -церкоспорозу [55], фасоли овощной -к вирусным болезням [56], лука -к пероноспорозу [57] и другие.…”

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The patriarch of Russian vegetable growing has a centenary

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The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the head institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center - the oldest and leading breeding organization for vegetable crops, better known in the scientific and socio-economic spheres of the Russian Federation by its historical name - VNIISSOK. The center's activity dates back to the creation in 1920 of the Gribovskaya Vegetable Breeding Experimental Station, where, under the leadership of Professor Sergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, a theoretical and practical basis for the development of domestic breeding was laid. In 1970, the experimental station was transformed into the AllUnion Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops, and in 1992 into the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. Over the years, breeding methods have been developed and improved, including modern biotechnological methods, using molecular marking and interspecies hybridization. The results obtained during this period reflect the traditions of scientific schools and approaches laid down by scientists-breeders, seed growers, vegetable growers, flower growers, both in the field of basic research, and in the creation of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops. The organizational and structural reform of breeding institutions carried out in 2017 contributed to the formation of the Federal scientific vegetable center (FSBSI FSVC), which includes VNIISSOK as the parent organization and 8 branches located in various ecological and geographical zones. At a new stage of development, the FSBSI FSVC continues its glorious traditions. Scientists have obtained world-class results in basic research and competitive selection achievements in priority applied research. The scientific results and structural changes that have occurred over the hundred-year period of the breeding establishment are the foundation for the further development of the vegetable science in the country.

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The patriarch of Russian vegetable growing has a centenary

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Current state of the vegetable root crop market in the Russian Federation and ways to solve the problem of food security

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Современное состояние рынка овощных корнеплодов в РФ и пути решения проблемы продовольственной безопасности РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность, методы. Среди овощных культур особую популярность у населения как в РФ, так и за рубежом, имеют столовые корнеплоды: морковь, свекла столовая, редис, репа и пастернак, которые являются источниками разнообразных витаминов и БАВ. Значительную долю в структуре производства и посевных площадей занимают морковь и свекла столовая. Согласно данным FAOSTAT в 2018 году в РФ произведено 1508 тыс. т моркови и 837 тыс. т свеклы столовой, что составляет 60% и 30% соответственно от существующих потребностей, даже импорт этой продукции не позволяет полностью их удовлетворить. Исходя из стратегии продовольственной безопасности для повышения обеспеченности населения отечественной продукцией необходимо не только увеличение посевных площадей, но и быстрое внедрение сортов и гибридов F1 отечественной селекции, отвечающих требованиям промышленных технологий. Результаты. С учетом этих требований селекционерами ФГБНУ ФНЦО, с использованием классических и современных методов, способствующих ускорению селекционного процесса, созданы сорта и гибриды столовых корнеплодов. Морковь столовая: F1 Надежда (сортотип Нантская), F1 Риф (сортотип Шантенэ) с урожайностью более 90 т/га, высокой выровненностью, сохранностью 95-98%, групповой устойчивостью к болезням хранения, сорт Маргоша (сортотип Нантская / Берликум) со стабильной урожайностью до 90 т/га, высокой экологической пластичностью. Одно-двусемянные сорта свеклы столовой: Бордо односемянная, Любава, Гаспадыня, с уровнем товарности 95-98%, с интенсивно окрашенной мякотью без четко выраженных колец. Репа японская Гейша и Снегурочка со съедобными листьями и сочной нежной мякотью корнеплода и ультраскороспелые формы Сапфир, Бирюза и Селекта для проточной гидропоники; скороспелые сорта редиса Ария, Соната, Миф и Мавр, устойчивые к стеблеванию и высоким содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты. Ключевые слова: продовольственная безопасность, импортозамещение, товарная продукция, столовые корнеплоды, направления селекции, сорт, гибрид.

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Selection for immunity in FSBSI FSVC – history and modernity

Engalycheva,

Kozar,

Ushakov

2024

Ovoŝi Rossii

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Relevance. Maintaining the phytosanitary condition of vegetable and melon crops is an important component in the technologies of cultivation of new and promising varieties and hybrids, since losses from diseases of various etiologies reach 30% or more. This determines the need for immunological studies of the resistance of vegetable and melon crops to phytopathogens of various etiologies, where the basis of the strategy for creating new varieties and hybrids is the joint work of a breeder and a phytopathologist. To do this, it is important to conduct an annual study of the species composition in order to identify new harmful objects that have a negative impact on the profitability of production, as well as to develop measures to protect vegetable crops from the most harmful and economically significant pests and diseases.Methodology and Results. The extensive experimental network of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) in various ecological and geographical zones allows testing varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops in various soil and climatic conditions, including evaluating them for the most harmful phytopathogens in these regions. This review article briefly highlights the main stages of the history of development and current trends in phytopathological research in Russia and our center. The most significant achievements of scientists of the FSBSI FSVC are presented, aimed at a comprehensive study of the current state of populations of pathogens on vegetable and melon crops, resistance factors controlling the interaction of organisms in pathosystems, including genetic ones, optimization and development of new methodological approaches in breeding for immunity and scientific justification of recommended modern protection systems.

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Key research areas for vegetable crops in Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) (monitoring, immunity, resistance sources)

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The patriarch of Russian vegetable growing has a centenary

The patriarch of Russian vegetable growing has a centenary

Current state of the vegetable root crop market in the Russian Federation and ways to solve the problem of food security

Selection for immunity in FSBSI FSVC – history and modernity

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