Key attitude indicators (KAI) for measuring attitude of contractors in construction projects

A Bilevel Model for Project Scheduling in a Fuzzy Random Environment

“…The owner can control the contractor's decision through his investment to some degree, such as through incentives or financial support. The investment amount (payments) I ij given by the project owner is based on the project performance and is dependent on the contactor's input costs c ijk [1], [2]. The owner's control of the contractor appears in the control coefficients, which can ensure that the owner's investments in the contractor must be (1 + β 1 ), but cannot exceed (1 + β 2 ) higher than the contractor's costs, namely…”

“…Under normal construction contract conditions, the project owner has the obligation to pay the contractor in monthly instalments, the amount of which is decided by the value of construction work actually done by the contractor [2]. 3) On the other side, the contractor's major responsibility is to finish the work; so, the overall performance of the project is dependent on the contractor's efficiency and ability to complete the work on time [1]. 4) The achievement of the owner's goals, however, cannot be separated from the contractor's efforts, which in turn determines whether the contractor himself can achieve his own goals.…”

“…Some studies have addressed the unique relationship between the project owner and the contractor. Acharya et al [1] developed a method to measure the contractor's attitude in ongoing construction projects toward the achievement of goals, such as completion time and owner satisfaction. Skitmore [2] pointed out that a client had the obligation to pay the contractor in monthly instalments.…”

“…From past research, it has been observed that the owner has implemented various contracting methods for construction projects, such as: 1) providing incentives to the contractors for improving the performance on quality [5]; 2) furnishing contractors with financial support to reduce project completion time [6]; and 3) attempting to improve construction quality by making contractors liable for the performance of the facility after project completion [7]. Most studies concerning multiple decision makers have been conducted using scenario simulation [4] or surveys [1]. However, there have not been any mathematical models as yet, which have studied a project scheduling problem (PSP) with multiple decision makers.…”