Keratin-Based Biofilms, Hydrogels, and Biofibers

McLellan, James; Thornhill, Starla G.; Shelton, Spencer D.; Kumar, Manish

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_7

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Keratin is the main component of wool and hair [ 148 ]. This protein has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability and is capable of increasing scaffolds elasticity and mechanical resilience by self-assembly and polymerization [ 149 ]. Silk fibers, on the other hand, are mainly made up of two structural proteins, fibroin (mechanical strength) and sericin (coating) that can be organized in a linear structure [ 150 ].…”

Section: Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Fiber–Hydrogel Composites for Wound Healing and Drug Delivery Systems

2021

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In the last decades, much research has been done to fasten wound healing and target-direct drug delivery. Hydrogel-based scaffolds have been a recurrent solution in both cases, with some reaching already the market, even though their mechanical stability remains a challenge. To overcome this limitation, reinforcement of hydrogels with fibers has been explored. The structural resemblance of fiber–hydrogel composites to natural tissues has been a driving force for the optimization and exploration of these systems in biomedicine. Indeed, the combination of hydrogel-forming techniques and fiber spinning approaches has been crucial in the development of scaffolding systems with improved mechanical strength and medicinal properties. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recently developed fiber–hydrogel composite strategies for wound healing and drug delivery is provided. The methodologies employed in fiber and hydrogel formation are also highlighted, together with the most compatible polymer combinations, as well as drug incorporation approaches creating stimuli-sensitive and triggered drug release towards an enhanced host response.

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Section: Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Fiber–Hydrogel Composites for Wound Healing and Drug Delivery Systems

2021

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“…Keratin is a structural fibrous protein that forms part of epidermal structures (e.g., nails, wool, hair, and feathers) and provides toughness and resilience depending on the number of sulfur cross-links that are established through their cysteine units [ 50 , 51 ]. Keratin can be extracted from natural materials by different processes such as the use of ionic liquids [ 52 ], microwave irradiation [ 53 ], alkaline treatment [ 54 ], and reduction of disulphide linkage [ 55 ].…”

Section: Biomimetic Hybrid Systems Based On Natural Polymers For Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keratin can be extracted from natural materials by different processes such as the use of ionic liquids [ 52 ], microwave irradiation [ 53 ], alkaline treatment [ 54 ], and reduction of disulphide linkage [ 55 ]. Capability of keratin to self-assemble and support cellular proliferation enhance its use in tissue regeneration applications [ 50 , 56 ]. Between them, the reconstruction or regeneration of ocular surface [ 57 ], urinary track [ 58 ], and nerves [ 59 ] are significant.…”

Section: Biomimetic Hybrid Systems Based On Natural Polymers For Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Hybrid Systems for Tissue Engineering

2020

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Tissue engineering approaches appear nowadays highly promising for the regeneration of injured/diseased tissues. Biomimetic scaffolds are continuously been developed to act as structural support for cell growth and proliferation as well as for the delivery of cells able to be differentiated, and also of bioactive molecules like growth factors and even signaling cues. The current research concerns materials employed to develop biological scaffolds with improved features as well as complex preparation techniques. In this work, hybrid systems based on natural polymers are discussed and the efforts focused to provide new polymers able to mimic proteins and DNA are extensively explained. Progress on the scaffold fabrication technique is mentioned, those processes based on solution and melt electrospinning or even on their combination being mainly discussed. Selection of the appropriate hybrid technology becomes vital to get optimal architecture to reasonably accomplish the final applications. Representative examples of the recent possibilities on tissue regeneration are finally given.

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“…In general, and within the context of the biodegradable natural polymers, keratin-based materials have changed the field of modern biomaterials due to their distinct properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical durability. Interestingly, they can be cast as sponges, films, and hydrogels for various biomedical applications [ 1 ]. Moreover, keratin constitutes the major components of hair, wool, feathers, and nails, and can be extracted in significant amounts from animal tissues without the need for animal sacrifice [ 2 ], something which is not the case for collagen and other animal-derived osteoconductive proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Production of Calcified Bone Matrix onto Wool Keratin Scaffolds via Osteogenic Factors and Electromagnetic Stimulus

et al. 2020

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Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has drawn attention as a potential tool to improve the ability of bone biomaterials to integrate into the surrounding tissue. We investigated the effects of PEMF (frequency, 75 Hz; magnetic induction amplitude, 2 mT; pulse duration, 1.3 ms) on human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2) seeded onto wool keratin scaffolds in terms of proliferation, differentiation, and production of the calcified bone extracellular matrix. The wool keratin scaffold offered a 3D porous architecture for cell guesting and nutrient diffusion, suggesting its possible use as a filler to repair bone defects. Here, the combined approach of applying a daily PEMF exposure with additional osteogenic factors stimulated the cells to increase both the deposition of bone-related proteins and calcified matrix onto the wool keratin scaffolds. Also, the presence of SAOS-2 cells, or PEMF, or osteogenic factors did not influence the compression behavior or the resilience of keratin scaffolds in wet conditions. Besides, ageing tests revealed that wool keratin scaffolds were very stable and showed a lower degradation rate compared to commercial collagen sponges. It is for these reasons that this tissue engineering strategy, which improves the osteointegration properties of the wool keratin scaffold, may have a promising application for long term support of bone formation in vivo.

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Keratin-Based Biofilms, Hydrogels, and Biofibers

Cited by 19 publications

References 62 publications

Recent Advances in Fiber–Hydrogel Composites for Wound Healing and Drug Delivery Systems

Recent Advances in Fiber–Hydrogel Composites for Wound Healing and Drug Delivery Systems

Biomimetic Hybrid Systems for Tissue Engineering

In Vitro Production of Calcified Bone Matrix onto Wool Keratin Scaffolds via Osteogenic Factors and Electromagnetic Stimulus

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