Keeping the nitrogen-fixation dream alive

Vicente, Emilio Jimenez; Dean, Dennis R.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1701560114

Cited by 90 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia provides approximately 40 million tons of nitrogen into agricultural systems each year (Oldroyd, 2013;Udvardi and Poole, 2013). This symbiotic relationship is ecologically beneficial because it improves soil health, diminishes the use of fossil fuels, and lessens the negative environmental effects resulting from agricultural practices (Hardy and Havelka, 1975;Udvardi and Poole, 2013;Vicente and Dean, 2017). Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the possibility of transferring the rhizobial, nitrogen-fixing symbiosis to non-legumes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic profiling of wild‐type and mutant soybean root nodules using laser‐ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals altered metabolism

et al. 2020

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SUMMARY The establishment of the nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis between soybean and Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a complex process. To document the changes in plant metabolism as a result of symbiosis, we utilized laser ablation electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (LAESI‐MS) for in situ metabolic profiling of wild‐type nodules, nodules infected with a B. japonicum nifH mutant unable to fix nitrogen, nodules doubly infected by both strains, and nodules formed on plants mutated in the stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase (sacpd‐c) gene, which were previously shown to have an altered nodule ultrastructure. The results showed that the relative abundance of fatty acids, purines, and lipids was significantly changed in response to the symbiosis. The nifH mutant nodules had elevated levels of jasmonic acid, correlating with signs of nitrogen deprivation. Nodules resulting from the mixed inoculant displayed similar, overlapping metabolic distributions within the sectors of effective (fix+) and ineffective (nifH mutant, fix−) endosymbionts. These data are inconsistent with the notion that plant sanctioning is cell autonomous. Nodules lacking sacpd‐c displayed an elevation of soyasaponins and organic acids in the central necrotic regions. The present study demonstrates the utility of LAESI‐MS for high‐throughput screening of plant phenotypes. Overall, nodules disrupted in the symbiosis were elevated in metabolites related to plant defense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic profiling of wild‐type and mutant soybean root nodules using laser‐ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry reveals altered metabolism

et al. 2020

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“…That high price originates from the high number of required petrochemical conversion steps, which include producing ammonia from N 2 . But fermentative conversion of N 2 into N‐containing commodity chemicals while using carbohydrate as energy source is still a challenge, even though micro‐organisms can be engineered to obtain the genes required for N‐fixation …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of commodity chemicals to become bio‐based according to maximum yields and petrochemical prices

Straathof

Bampouli

2017

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Carbohydrates are the prevailing biomass components available for bio-based production. The most direct way to convert carbohydrates into commodity chemicals is by one-step conversion at maximum theoretical yield, such as by anaerobic fermentation without side product formation. Considering these hypothetical yields and petrochemical prices in Europe in 2010-2014, a ranking of 58 commodity chemicals was made using a simple model with ethanol as a base case. It was concluded that base chemicals such as lower olefi ns and benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX) are too cheap and require too much carbohydrate to be produced competitively compared to bioethanol. However, more oxidized products that require multiple conversion steps in petrochemical production, such as adipic acid, acrylic acid, acrylate esters, and 1,4-butanediol, can be produced competitively from carbohydrates if theoretical yields are approached and if processing is effi cient. Instead of carbohydrate fermentation, hypothetical photochemical production from CO 2 was also considered. Using again a simple model, the same commodity chemicals remained the most attractive ones.

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“…[3] However,t he processi ss olely accomplished by as mall subset of bacteria anda rchaea (called diazotrophs)a nd does not occur in any known eukaryotes. [4,5] Diazotrophs have the ability to develop different types of root associations with different plant species. The most effectivea ssociation is N 2 -fixing symbiosis of legumes with rhizobia that enable legumes to grow on atmospheric N 2 in soils lacking organicn itrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] For the first approach, engineering Nod factor signaling in cereals is an importantf irst step, whereas finding the essential and minimal nif genes that can fix nitrogen in cereals is important work for the second approach. [5,7,[13][14][15][16] Dissecting the functiono fd ifferent nif genes in bacteria is an essential precursor for rebuilding nitrogenase within ae ukaryote. Rebuildingn itrogenase within ae ukaryote will depend upon a minimal subset of geneticc omponents;i nt his regard, there is aw ide array of bacterial systems available to draw upon for synthetic biology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%